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Pophealth > MOD 2. 16-18 > Flashcards

MOD 2. 16-18 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe population mass strategy

A
  • aims at everyone in the population
  • aims to decrease health risk and improve health of all population
  • aimed at common diseases or widespread cause
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2
Q

Describe High risk strategy

A

targets individuals who are high risk

intervention is matched to individuals concern

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3
Q

What are the advantages of population mass strategy

A

behaviorally appropriate
benefits whole population
addresses causes

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4
Q

what are the disadvantages of population mass strategy

A

poor motivation
small benefit to people
population are exposed to the downstream of the strategy

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5
Q

What is the advantages of the high risk strategy

A

appropriate to individual
individual motivation
cost effective
favorable benefit to risk ratio

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6
Q

Disadvantages of high risk strategy

A

cost of identifying individual, need to identify individuals
temporary effect
limited potential
behaviorally inappropriate

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7
Q

What is health promotion

A

act on determinants of wellbeing and health
enables and empowers individuals to control and improve their own health
Involves whole population in every day context

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8
Q

Describe what the Ottawa charter acknowledges for health promotion

A

health is a right for everyone
requires both individual and collective responsibility
opportunity should be equally available

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9
Q

what are the structures that are involved in the Ottawa charter

A

Enable/ Advocate/ Mediate

-strengthen community action/ develop personal skills

Create supportive environments

reorient health services

Building healthy public policy

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10
Q

State and Describe the 3 basic strategies
- ENABLe
Ottawa charter

A
  • individual level strategy

- providing skills and supportive environment

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11
Q

State and Describe the 3 basic strategies

- Advocate

A

create favorable systems level strategy

promoting health focusing on achieving equity in health

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12
Q

State and Describe 3 basic strategies

- Mediate

A

bring people together a strategy that joins up individuals group and systems

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13
Q

describe disease prevention

A

disease focus

look at a disease and find ways to prevent it

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14
Q

Describe primary prevention strategies

A

limit the occurrence of the disease by controlling specific causes and risk factors- eg. immunisations

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15
Q

Describe secondary prevention strategies

A

reduce the more serious consequences of disease

eg: screening women age 45-69 for breast cancer

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16
Q

describe tertiary prevention of the disease

A

reduce the progress of complications of established disease

eg: burn patients

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17
Q

Describe Health protection

A 
Focus on environmental hazard 
actions: rish/hazard management
monitoring 
Risk communication
occupational health
eg safety regulation on work sites
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18
Q

Describe the focus and actions of disease prevention

A

focus: disease
action: prevents incidence, prevalence, risk factors or impact
eg: immunisation

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19
Q

Describe the focus and actions of health promotion

A

focus: health wellbeing
action: acts on the determinants of wellbeing
eg: push play 5+ a day

20
Q

Is screening prevention strategy a Primary, secondary or tertiary prevention strategy

A

It can be all it depends on what is screened

21
Q

What is the screening criteria

A

suitable disease
suitable test
suitable treatment
suitable screening programme

22
Q

what is the objective of screening initiative

A

to improve health outcome (morbidity, mortality or disability)

23
Q

What is a suitable disease

A

relatively common
relatively uncommon
early detection and intervention= better outcome Increased duration of preclinical phase

Knowledge of the natural history of the disease or relationship of risk factors to the condition

24
Q

what is a suitable test

A 
safe
simple
reliable
acceptable
accuracy- ability's of a test to indicate which individual have the disease and which do not 
- sensitivity, specificity
25
Q

What is sensitivity

A

the liklihood of a positive test in those with the disease

the ability of to test to identify correctly those who have the disease (a) from all individuals with the disease (a+c)

26
Q

What is specificity

A

The likelihood of the negative test in those without the disease
The ability for the test to identify correctly those who do not have the disease from all individuals free from the diesease

27
Q

Describe the evaluating test accuracy

A

the sensitivity of a screening test is high the proportion of true positives is high
the specificity is high if the portion of true negatives is high

Sensitivity and specificity are a fixed characteristic of the test

28
Q

DEscribe Positive predictive Value

A

The proportion who really have the disease of all people who test positive

the probability of having disease if the test is positive

29
Q

Describe the Negative predictive Value

A

the proportion who are actually free of the disease of all people who test negative

the probability of not having the disease if the test is negative

30
Q

n

A

n

31
Q

Describe Suitable treatment overview

A

evidence of early treatment leading to better outcomes

effective acceptable and accessible treatment appropriate treatment to be offered

evidence-based policies covering who should be offered treatment

32
Q

Describe suitable screening programme

A

Benefits must outweigh the harm
Rct evidence that screening programme will result in reduced mortality
increased survival time

33
Q

Suitable screening programme Overview

A

Adequate resourcing, agreed policy for testing, diagnosis, treatment and programme management

cost effective

heath care system must be able to support all elements of the screening pathway

needs to reach all those who are likely to benefit from it ( specific initiatives for particular population groups)

34
Q

Why do we need prioritizing in health

A

Limited funds to supply all the health problems

35
Q

Where does the Nz health dollar go

A

Health administration and health insurance
services of curative and rehabilitative care
service of long term nursing care
ancillary services to health care
medical goods dispends to outpatients
prevention and public health services

36
Q

What are some of the establishing population health priorities

A

evidence based measures
Community expectation and values
human rights and social justice

37
Q

Evidence based measures can be categories into?

A

Descriptive
explanatory
evaluative

38
Q

Describe descriptive based measure

in evidence based measure

A

who is the most/ least affected
where are we now
TRENDS?
- define the problem

39
Q

Describe explanatory based measure

in evidence based measure

A

identify the risk and protective factors

equity?

40
Q

What are epidemiological measures used in prioritization

A

age, death and premature mortality
time lived with disability
population attributable risk

41
Q

What is the Attributable risk

A

the amount of extra disease attributable to a particular risk factor in the exposed group (RD)

42
Q

Population attributable risk (PAR)

A

amount of extra disease attributable to a particular risk factor in a particular population
if association is causal- amount of disease we could prevent if we removed that particular risk factor from the population

43
Q

How do you calculate PAR

A

Occurrence in total population- Occurrence in the unexposed group

44
Q

What is evaluative evidence

A

what can improve health outcomes (and in whom)
Is the intervention improving health outcomes
economic feasibility

45
Q

other factors that influence priortisation

A

community expectation and values
human rights an social justice
acceptability

46
Q

Describe the flow diagram of screening for disease

A

Screening test- less expensive diagnosis
IF POSITIVE
Diagnostic test- gold standard
- often invasive and expensive

Pophealth (14 decks)

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