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Pophealth > Lect 19 to 20 > Flashcards

Lect 19 to 20 Flashcards

1
Q

Describe Socio economic position (SEP)

A

social and economic factors that influence what positions individuals or groups hold within the structure of a society

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2
Q

Describe how SEP must be measured

A

objective, measurable and meaningful

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3
Q

4 key association of SEP and population health

A

SEP measures the level of inequality within or between societies

may highlight change to population structures over time

SEP is needed to help understand the relationship between health and other social variables (age, sex, ethnicity

are associated with health and life chances within social groups

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4
Q

What are the 6 measures of SEP for an individual

A 
Education
Income
Occupation
Housing
Assests and weath
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5
Q

SEP and population measures

A

Area measures

population measures

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6
Q

Describe Area measures

A

Deprivation

Access

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7
Q

Describe Population measures

A

Income inequality
literacy rates
GDP per capita

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8
Q

SEPS relation to the Dahlgren & Whitehead model

A

Individuals lifestyle factors

- Education, occupation and income

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9
Q

State and Describe the factors of SEP that influence the Dahlgren and Whitehead model (individual lifestyle) factors)

A

The decisions you make, influence your opportunities
Education (knowledge)
Income- material goods
Occupation- status, power

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10
Q

Education and SEP relation to health (individual lifestyle in the DWM

A 
Education influences 
Occupation
Income
Health
Assets/ wealth
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11
Q

DWM

Social and community association with SEP

A

Social and community influences
- parents education, occupation, income

Parents SEP can be associated with children SEP.

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12
Q

DWM
living and working conditions measures
association with SEP

A

NZ Index of Deprivation (NZ dep)
Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD)

Other measures:
Social fragmentation and accessibility indices

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13
Q

Carrie timidly Eats saucy Olives in Invercargill quietly

State what this acronym stands

A

State the Variables included in the NZDEP

Communication
Transport
Employment

Support
Owned home

Income
Income

Qualifications

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14
Q

Describe communication in terms of the NZdep

A

people ages over 65 with no access tot he internet at home

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15
Q

Describe transport in terms of the NZdep

A

people with no access to a car

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16
Q

Describe Employment in terms of the NZdep

A

people ages 18-64 unemployed

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17
Q

Describe Support in terms of the NZdep

A

People aged under 65 living in a single parent family

18
Q

Describe Owned home in terms of the NZdep

A

people not living in own home

19
Q

Describe Income in terms of the NZdep

A

People ages 18-64 receiving a means test benefit

20
Q

Describe Income in terms of the NZdep

A

People living in controlled households with income below an income threshold

21
Q

Describe SEP and the DWM in terms of the level

Socioeconomic, cultural and environmental conditions

A 
NZ census mortality study can be used
Global determinants include
income inequality
GDP
literacy rates
free trade agreements
22
Q

Describe the social gradient with health

A

Most deprived areas face a proportionally higher impact

23
Q

state the key sources for population health data

A

the census

Health Services and outcomes (HSU)

Integrated utilization and outcomes (IDI)

24
Q

Describe the census

A

everybody answered in 2018, and who is usual resident.

Enumeration officers contact individual households in their mesh-blocks, containing about 100 people each.

25
Q

Strength of the census

A

• Traditionally, nearly 100% coverage.
- Everybody who answered census in 2013, and who is usual resident.
• Data can be recoded

26
Q

weaknesses of the census

A
  • Homeless, people not living in their home (on holiday) not counted.
  • Issues with 2018 online-first census.
27
Q

Describe the health service utilization and outcomes HSUO

A

HSU population: based on people that have used health system at least once in 12 months
prior to given date e.g. census night.
MoH record and report publicly funded health information e.g.

hospitalisations, blood tests,
pharmaceutical dispensing.

28
Q

strength of HSUO

A

Strengths:

• Based on internationally standard coded definitions for hospitalisations etc

29
Q

weakness of HSUO

A

• Doesn’t include data of operations/utilisation from the private sector,
— don’t have a good picture of private sector operations e.g. surgeries.

HSU population under-represents compared w/ census population as younger age group tend not to go to doctor.

30
Q

Describe the integrated data infrastructure

A

Based on people that have used health education, tax other services at least
once in 12 months prior to given date e.g. census night in 2013.
• To be counted one must have interaction w/ key services.
- Conglomerate of data from different government agencies

31
Q

strength of integrated data infrastructure

A

Data from many sources can be linked to create a population base. Population repository
used to predict pathways.

32
Q

weakness if integrated data

A

Possible bias as to who is recorded e.g. in crime reports therefore crime population may have
different demographic from general population.
• Over-representation of lower incomes/different ethnicities depending on usage of services.

33
Q

Describe population pyramids

A 
- Population structure — age and sex
(counted or percentage)
• Could be broken into sub population by
ethnicity.
• Population composition — other
attributes, variables.
- X-axis — males on left, females on right.
- Y axis — age in single/five year
increments.
- Bars are count/percentage of people in
each age/sex group.
- Can be used to look into history —
compare different demographics e.g.
Māori/non-Māori.
34
Q

what is the dependency ration

A

Number of children/elderly that working population support.

Child
0-14 years/ working age X 100

Elderly
over 65/working age X 100

  • Total
  • (youth+elderly populations)/working age population x 100
35
Q

state the different ways to calculate demographic measures

A

CRUDE BIRTH RATE

GENERAL FERTILITY RATE

AGE-SPECIFIC FERTILITY RATE

TOTAL FERTILITY RATE

36
Q

what is crude birth rate

A
  • Number of births/number of total population per 1000.

- Males included in denominator, but do not produce babies.

37
Q

what is general fertility rate

A

Denominator only females.

• Males excluded.

38
Q

what is age specific fertility rate

A
  • More specific patterns for younger/older mothers.
39
Q

what is total fertility rate

A
  • Average measure of fertility in a country.
    • Good measure for international comparisons.
  • 2.1 births per woman known as replacement level.
    • Indicates whether migration needed to keep population steady.
  • TFR sum of age-specific fertility rates x5, as five years in each age-specific band.
  • Regional variations, e.g. urban/rural difference.
40
Q

Describe and state the types if ageing

A

TYPES OF AGEING
Numerical ageing — absolute increase in population that is elderly; count of people who are
old.
• Due to better health treatments, life expectancy etc.

Structural ageing — increase in proportion of population that is elderly.
• Driven by decrease in fertility rates.

41
Q

Describe the 2 ways population impact of ageing

A
  • Natural decline occurs when there are more deaths than births in a population.
    • Combination of absolute and structural ageing.
    • More elderly means more deaths.

Absolute decline occurs when there is insufficient migration to replace ‘lost births’ and
increased deaths.
• Not expected in NZ for 70+ years.

Pophealth (14 decks)

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