MOD 2 L1

Question 1

general formula for amino acids

Answer 1

amino group - c (with side chain sa baba) - carboxylic acid

NH - C - COOH

Question 2

most ABUNDANT & FUNCTIONALLY DIVERSE molecules in living systems

Answer 2

PROTEINS

Question 3

it is a LARGE MOLECULE that contains carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, & nitrogen (CHON)

Answer 3

PROTEINS

Question 4

the chiral carbon is also called as

Answer 4

α - carbon (alpha carbon)

Question 5

has 4 different groups attached to it

Answer 5

CHIRAL CENTER

Question 6

what forms a peptide bond in amino acids

Answer 6

AMINO GROUP & CARBOXYLIC ACID GROUP

NH & COOH

Question 7

proteins are

Answer 7

POLYPEPTIDE

Question 8

every function in the living cells are HIGHLY DEPENDENT on

Answer 8

PROTEINS

Question 9

a specialized protein of FLAGELLA is called

Answer 9

FLAGELLIN

Question 10

an example of GLOBULAR PROTEIN

Answer 10

HEMOGLOBIN

Question 11

component of hemoglobin that is RESPONSIBLE FOR THE PIGMENT or the red color of our blood

Answer 11

HEME

Question 12

hemoglobin is a

Answer 12

TETRAMERIC

Question 13

sides / groups of hemoglobin

Answer 13

2 - α
2- β

Question 14

a special nucleus found in hemoglobin is known as

Answer 14

PROTOPHORPYRIN

Question 15

turn genes ON & OFF to guide the differentiation of the cell and its later responsiveness to signals reaching it

Answer 15

TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS

Question 16

the PRIMARY FUNCTION of protein is to provide the needed amino acids for maintaining an

Answer 16

ANABOLIC STATE

Question 17

proteins play a vital role in the ________ system

Answer 17

NEURO-ENDOCRINE

Question 18

one of the by product of protein metabolism

Answer 18

UREA

Question 19

how many amino acids are involved in TRANSLATION

Answer 19

20

Question 20

protein synthesis

Answer 20

TRANSLATION

Question 21

how many amino acids are PRODUCED BY HUMANS?

Answer 21

AT LEAST 10

Question 22

saan manggagaling ung another 10 amino acids that our body cannot produce

Answer 22

they must be supplemented in our diet

Question 23

the other 10 amino acids that our body CANNOT PRODUCE is referred to as

Answer 23

ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

Question 24

what type of amino acids are produced by humans

Answer 24

L - α

Question 25

what type of amino acids are produced by microorganisms

Answer 25

D amino acids

Question 26

predominant amino acid in BACILLUS SUBTILIS

Answer 26

D-METHIONINE

Question 27

Bacitracin & Gramicidin A

Answer 27

ANTIBIOTICS

Question 28

Bleomycin

Answer 28

ANTITUMOR AGENT

Question 29

Microcystin & Nodularin

Answer 29

CYANOBACTERIAL PEPTIDES

Question 30

metabolic product of bacillus subtilis

Answer 30

BACITRACIN

Question 31

has TYROCIDIN

Answer 31

GRAMICIDIN A

Question 32

common side effect of BLEOMYCIN

Answer 32

pulmonary fibrosis

Question 33

toxic microbial peptides

Answer 33

CYANOBACTERIAL PEPTIDES

Question 34

an IMINO ACID

Answer 34

PROLINE

Question 35

all amino acids posses the same functional group except

Answer 35

PROLINE

Question 36

formed by the COOH of an amino acid and the NH₂ of the next amino acid

Answer 36

PEPTIDE BOND

Question 37

peptide bonds has the capability to rotate because of this characteristic

Answer 37

PARTIAL DOUBLE BOND

Question 38

the protation of peptide bonds are termed as

Answer 38

RESONANCE

Question 39

forms a typical peptide group

Answer 39

RESONANCE

Question 40

uncharged, single-bonded form is typically

Answer 40

60%

Question 41

charged, double-bonded form is typically

Answer 41

40%

Question 42

the peptide bond is an __ bond

Answer 42

AMINE BOND

Question 43

these are very STABLE and NEUTRAL

Answer 43

AMIDES

Question 44

amino acids are linked by

Answer 44

PEPTIDE BONDS

Question 45

naming of peptides

Answer 45

drop -ine, palitan ng -yl retained ang name ng terminal amino acid ( yung nasa dulo)

Question 46

useful in classifying amino acids

Answer 46

R GROUP

Question 47

the genetic code specifies how many amino acids

Answer 47

20

Question 48

only what amino acids in human occurs in proteins

Answer 48

L - α amino acids

Question 49

represents the **vast majority** of amino acids found in proteins

Answer 49

L-amino acids

Question 50

found in some **antibiotics** and in the **bacterial cell wall**

Answer 50

D-amino acids

Question 51

# REACTIONS OF AMINO ACIDS responsible for: * acylation * amidation * esterification

Answer 51

AMINE GROUP

Question 52

# REACTIONS OF AMINO ACIDS responsible for: * esterification * formation of amides and acid anhydrides

Answer 52

CARBOXYLIC ACID GROUP

Question 53

the **most important reaction** of amno acids

Answer 53

PEPTIDE BOND FORMATION

Question 54

* tend to **interact with the aqueous environment**, often involved in the formation of H-bonds * predominnatly found on the **exterior surfaces** of proteins or in the reactive centers of enzymes * Ser, Thr, Tyr

Answer 54

HYDROPHILIC AMINO ACIDS

Question 55

* tend to **repel** the aqueous environment * **do not ionize or participate** in the formation of H-bonds * reside predominantly in the **interior** of proteins * Ala, Val, Leu, Ile

Answer 55

HYDROPHOBIC AMINO ACIDS

Question 56

allow enzyme reactions to occur

Answer 56

R GROUPS

Question 57

act as either a **proton donor** or **acceptor** at **physiological pH**, thus play a important role in **enzymatic catalysis**

Answer 57

IMIDAZOLE RING og [H]

Question 58

allow **serine and threonine**, **cysteine** to act as **nucleophiles** during **enzymatic catalysis**

Answer 58

primary alcohol of ser & thr thiol of cys

Question 59

____ of cysteine able to form a **disulfide bonds** with other cysteines

Answer 59

THIOL

Question 60

____ of ser, tyr, and thr participate in the **regulation of activity of enzymes**

Answer 60

OH GROUP

Question 61

amino aids may have positive, negative, or zero net charge

Answer 61

ZWITTERIONS

Question 62

charge of zwitterion

Answer 62

both + & - charge

Question 63

zwitterion is ____ overall

Answer 63

neutral

Question 64

# TESTS * used to **visualize spots or bands of amino acids** separated by **chromatography** or electrophoresis * **deep purple color** is formed with traces of any amino acid * **RUHEMANN'S PURPLE**

Answer 64

REACTION W/ NINHYDRIN

Question 65

# TESTS * **General test for the presence of protein** * turns **purple** when mixed with a solution containing protein * purple color is formed when copper ions in the reagent react with the peptide bonds of the polypeptide chains to form a complex

Answer 65

BIURET TEST

Question 66

requirement of biuret test

Answer 66

should be polypeptide kapag tripeptide, negative ang result

Question 67

# TESTS * used to determine the presence of **aromatic amino acids** * concentrated nitric acid will form a **yellow complex** with **tryptophan** and **tyrosine** side chains in proteins

Answer 67

XANTHOPROTEIC TEST

Question 68

# TESTS test for **tyrosine**

Answer 68

MILLON'S TEST

Question 69

# TESTS test for **tryptophan**

Answer 69

HOPKIN'S

Question 70

# TESTS * **disulfide bridges wil react with Pb²+ ion** from lead acetate in an acidified solution * a **black precipitate (PbS)** indicates the presence of disulfide bonded cysteine in proteins

Answer 70

LEAD ACETATE TEST