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20 AMINO ACIDS Flashcards

1
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • nonpolar
  • non-essential
  • Hydrophobic
  • Ambivalent
  • Neutral
  • R group: Methyl group
A

ALANINE
[A]
Ala

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2
Q

ALIPHATIC AMINO ACIDS
they are also hydrophobic

VIAL

A

VALINE
ISOLEUCINE
ALANINE
LEUCINE

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3
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • polar
  • essential
  • Basic
  • R group: Guanidino group
A

ARGININE
[R]
Arg

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4
Q
  • designed to BIND with PHOSPHATE
  • important in NITROGEN METABOLISM
A

ARGININE
[R]
Arg

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5
Q

Test / Reaction for ARGININE

A

SAKAGUCHI TEST

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6
Q

amino acids with GUANIDINO GROUP

History ng Argentina is a Ly (lie)

A

HISTIDINE
ARGININE
LYSINE

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6
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • polar
  • non essential
  • Acidic
  • R group: Carboxyl group
A

ASPARTIC ACID
[D]
Asp

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6
Q

one of the ACIDIC amino acid; acts as GENERAL ACIDS in ENZYME ACTIVE CENTERS

A

ASPARTIC ACID
[D]
Asp

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7
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • polar
  • non essential
  • R group: Amide group
A

ASPARAGINE
[N]
Asn

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8
Q
  • amide of aspartic acid
  • common site for attachment of CARBOHYDRATES IN GLYCOPROTEINS
A

ASPARAGINE
[N]
Asn

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9
Q

ACIDIC AMINO ACIDS

GA

A

GLUTAMIC ACID
ASPARTIC ACID

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9
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • nonpolar
  • non essential
  • R group: Thiol group
A

CYSTEINE
[C]
Cys

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9
Q
  • plays a key role in STABILIZING EXTRACELLULAR PROTEINS
  • can react with ITSELF to form an oxidized dimer by formation of a DISULFIDE bond
A

CYSTEINE
[C]
Cys

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10
Q

SULFUR CONTAINING amino acids

CM

A

CYSTEINE
METHIONINE

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11
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • polar
  • non essential
  • R group: Carboxylic acid
A

GLUTAMIC ACID
[E]
Glu

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12
Q
  • has one additonal CH₃
  • interconvertible with α-ketoglutarate
  • important in the BIOSYNTHESIS OF PROLINE
A

GLUTAMIC ACID
[E]
Glu

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13
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • nonpolar
  • non essential
  • R group: Hydrogen atom
A

GLYCINE
[G]
Gly

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14
Q
  • SMALLEST amino acid
  • ambivalent
  • exists mainly as zwitterion
  • together with porline, favors the formation of beta-turn/bends
  • simplest
  • low molecular wieght
  • not chiral
A

GLYCINE
[G]
Gly

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15
Q
  • Aromatic R group
  • polar
  • essential
  • basic
  • R group: Imidazole
A

HISTIDINE
[H]
His

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16
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • nonpolar
  • essential
  • R group: methyl group (sec butyl)
A

ISOLEUCINE
[I]
Ile

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17
Q

side chain is NOT REACTIVE and therefore NOT INVOLVED in any COVALENT CHEMISTRY in enzyme active centers

A

ISOLEUCINE
[I]
Ile

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18
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • nonpolar
  • essential
  • R group: Isobutyl
A

LEUCINE
[L]
Leu

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19
Q
  • has one additional methylene group in its side chain compared with valine
  • hydrophobic; buried in folded proteins
A

LEUCINE
[L]
Leu

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20
Q
  • Aliphatic R group
  • polar
  • essential
  • POSITIVELY CHARGED ɛ-amino group
  • R group: amino group
A

LYSINE
[K]
Lys

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21
* Aliphatic R group * nonpolar * essential * R group: **methylthioether**
METHIONINE [M] Met
22
* has thiol ether * plays role in metabolism forming SAM which act as METHYL DONOR during METHYLATION
METHIONINE [M] Met
23
* Aromatic R group * nonpolar * essential * R group: **Benzyl group**
PHENYLALANINE [F] PhE
24
* derivative of alanine with a phenyl substituent on the β carbon * hydrophobic
PHENYLALANINE [F] Phe
25
* Aliphatic R group * nonpolar * non essential * R group: **Pyrrol group**
PROLINE [P] Pro
26
* an **IMINO ACID** * when found in an α helix, the helix will have a **slight bend** due to the **lack of the hydrogen bond** * found at the **end of a helix** or **in turns** or **loops**
PROLINE [P] Pro
27
* Aliphatic R group * polar * non essential * R group: **Hydroxymethyl group**
SERINE [S] Ser
28
* differs from alanine in that one of the **methylenic hydrogens is replaced by a hydroxyl group** * **hydrophilic**
SERINE [S] Ser
29
**OH** conatining amino acids ## Footnote STY
SERINE [S] THREONINE [T] TYROSINE [Y]
30
* Aliphatic R group * polar * essential * R group: **hydroxyl group**
THREONINE [T] Thr
31
* **non aromatic OH** * α and β carbons are **optically active**
THREONINE [T] Thr
32
capable of rotating plane polarixed light either to the left or right
OPTICALLY ACTIVE
33
* Aromatic R group * nonpolar * essential * R group: **Indole ring**
TRYPTOPHAN [W] Trp
34
amino acids with **RING** ## Footnote HTTP
HISTIDINE TRYTOPHAN TYROSINE PHENYLALANINE
35
* Aromatic R group * polar * nonessential * R group: **Phenolic**
TYROSINE [Y] Tyr
36
is derived form **phenylalanine** by **hydroxylation** in the **para position**
TYROSINE [Y] Tyr
37
* Aliphatic R group * nonpolar * essential * R group: **Isopropyl group**
VALINE [V] Val
38
**hydrophobic**, usually found in the **interior of proteins**
VALINE [V] Val
39
* **does not bind** or give off protons or participate in H or ionic bonds (**alkyl groups, aromatic**) * side chain can be thought as **"oily"** or **lipid like** * **hydrophobic**
NON POLAR AMINO ACIDS
40
* zero net charge at neutral pH
UNCHARGED POLAR amino acids
41
these can **lose proton** at **alkaline pH**
CYSTEINE [C] TYROSINE [Y]
42
contain a **polar OH- group** that can **participate in H-bond formation**
SERINE [S] THREONINE [T] TYROSINE [Y]
43
contain a **C=O group** and an **amide grup** (both can participate in H-bond formation)
ASPARAGINE [N] GLUTAMIC ACID [E]
44
POLAR amino acids should contain
Sulfur Oxygen Nitrogen
45
* **proton donors** * **fully ionized at neutral pH** forming a negatively charged carboxylate group
ACIDIC amino acids
46
**accepts protons**
BASIC amino acids
47
are **fully ionized** and **positvely charged** amino acids
LYSINE [K] ARGININE [R]
48
is **weakly basic** and the **free amino acid** is **uncharged**
HISTIDINE [H]
49
**BASIC** amino acids ## Footnote WHeRe Ka Na
HISTIDINE ARGININE LYSINE ASPARAGINE TRYTOPHAN
50
ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS | PVT. TIM HALL
Phenylalanine Valine Tryptophan Threonine Methionine Histidine Arginine Leucine Lysine
51
* **21st amino acid** * **Sec** and **U** * **selenium** atom **replaces the S** in its structural analog, cysteine * it is **inserted into polypeptides** during translation
SELENOCYSTEINE
52
* produced by a specific tRNA and aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, **it forms part of an unusual genetic code in these organisms**, and is considered the 2**2nd proteinogenic amino acid** * **Pyl** and **O**
PYRROLYSINE
53
# RARE AMINO ACIDS found in **collagen**
4-hydroxyproline 5-hydroxylysine
54
# RARE AMINO ACIDS found in **cell walls of bacteria**
D-Glutamic acid
55
# RARE AMINO ACIDS found in **earthworms**
D-Serine
56
# RARE AMINO ACIDS a **neurotransmitter**
γ-aminobutyric acid
57
# RARE AMINO ACIDS constituent of the vitamin **panthothenic acid**
β-alanine

BIOCHEM LEC (33 decks)

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