Mock Questions 1 Flashcards
Prolactin sparing (or very rare increase)
Clozapine
Aripiprazole
Asenapine
Quetiapine
Low risk / minor change (prolactin)
Lurasidone
Olanzapine
Ziprasidone
High risk / major change (prolactin)
All the typical antipsychotics
Risperidone
Amisulpride
Paliperidone
Sulpiride
Which antidepressant type is most likely to cause heart block
TCAs
Which drugs are most likely to cause polarisation issues
Thioridazine
Chlorpromazine
Drugs likely to cause VF/torsades
Haloperidol
Thioridazine
Mesoridazine
Chlorpromazine
What class of antipsychotic is risperidone
Benzoxasole
What class is chlorpromazine
Phenothiazine (Aliphatic side chain)
What class is olanzapine
Thienobenzodiazepine
What does wisconsin card sort test assess
Abstract reasoning
Which cranial nerve exits the skull through the round foramin
Trigeminal nerve V2 (maxillary)
Which CN exits skull through cribiform plate
Olfactory nerve (CN1)
Which CN exits skull through the jugular foramen
Vagus (CNX)
Perseveration results from damage to which of the following areas of the brain?
Frontal lobe
Holmes and Rae scoring
Death of spouse 100
Divorce 73
Marital separation 65
Jail term 63
Death of a close family member 63
Personal illness 53
Marriage 50
Being fired from work 47
Marital reonciliation 45
Retirement 45
In which pattern of inheritance are both males and females affected but there is no paternal transmission of the condition?
Mitochondrial
You are referred a 6 year old boy due to concerns about a potential learning disability. Physically, he appears normal other than for a slightly elongated face. During conversation you find him difficult to follow. He speaks in bursts with disruptions in the flow giving a cluttered quality to his speech. Which of the following trinucleotide repeats sequence disorders would you suspect?
CGG
The SSRI with the longest half-life
Fluoxetine
The SSRI most likely to cause antimuscarinic side-effects
Paroxetine
SSRI with the least drug interactions
Citalopram
Which branch of ethics emphasises moral rules and duties > consequences
Deontology
A patient with severe facial burns is doing some shopping. Whilst looking at some skirts in a high-end retail store, she is asked to leave as she is making the other customers feel uncomfortable.
Enacted stigma
A man with a suspected sexually transmitted disease is sat waiting for an appointment at the GUM clinic. He is worried about what the staff at the clinic will think of him. He worries that they may think he is dirty and irresponsible.
Felt stigma
The brother of a young boy with a learning disability finds it very embarrassing when the family are eating out. He feels ashamed of his brother’s shouting and by the way his brother eats food with his hands.
Courtesy stigma
Which type of aphasias spare the core perisylvian language zone and exhibit preserved repetition
Extrasylvian aphasias
Transcortical sensory aphasia resembles Wernicke’s aphasia but with…..?
Preserved repetition
First you start with creating a list of statements relating to a concept or issue. Each statement is then assessed by a panel of judges and given a score regarding how negative or positive the statement is regarding the issue.
Individuals are then given the statements and asked to answer whether they agree or disagree with each statement.
Thurstone scale
Here, respondents are asked to indicate a degree of agreement or disagreement with each of a series of statements. Each scale item has 5 response categories ranging from strongly agree to strongly disagree.
Likert
For example one might wish to compare a group of individuals by an aspect of their personality such as dominant or submissive (bipolar labels).
Each individual could have any score from 1 (submissive) to 7 (dominant) with a score of 3-4 being neutral.
Semantic differential
also called cumulative scaling or scalogram analysis is created with elements that can possibly be ordered in a hierarchical manner.
Gutman scale
condition whereby a woman believes herself to be pregnant when she is not
Pseudocyesis
a phenomenon of visual perception in which a stationary, small point of light in an otherwise dark or featureless environment appears to move.
Autokinetic effect
the observation that rapid sequences of perceptual events, such as rows of flashing lights, create the illusion of motion even when there is none.
Phi phenomenon
visual illusion experienced after viewing a moving visual stimulus for a time with stationary eyes, and then fixating a stationary stimulus. The stationary stimulus appears to move in the opposite direction to the original (physically moving) stimulus
Motion after effect
an illusion of visual perception in which a stationary or a moving object appears to move or to move differently because of other moving objects nearby in the visual field.
Induced movement
the illusion of motion that occurs when objects disappear and then quickly reappear nearby
stroboscopic motion
used by the ICD-11 to refer to cases in which a person is excessively distressed and preoccupied by multiple bodily symptoms and where this distress continues despite appropriate attempts at reassurance from professionals following detailed examination and investigations?
Bodily distress disorder
Conversion disorder and illness anxiety disorder are terms used by the
DSM 5
the site of phospholipid synthesis?
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Knife blade atrophy is seen in
Pick’s disease
Synthesis of RNA from DNA template
Transcription
Amphetamine has been shown to result in excessive dopaminergic activity in which area of the brain thus suggesting a causative role in schizophrenia?
Striatum
In which developmental stage would a midlife crisis be expected to occur?
Generativity vs stagnation
In lower motor lesions of the hypoglossal nerve the tongue deviates
TOWARDS the lesion
(UMNL deviates away)
Rett syndrome chromosome
Xq
Secondary amines
Desipramine
Nortriptyline
Protriptyline
Amoxapine
How many sessions of behavioural activation to treat depression
12-24
Occurs when a logical conclusion is formed from two premises. It occurs in the concrete operational stage.
Syllogistic reasoning
According to Piaget, in what developmental stage does conservation generally occur?
Concrete operational
A patient on lithium for bipolar affective disorder is prescribed an increased dose by her consultant in view of her levels being too low. The consultant asks you to check her levels to see if the new prescription is adequate. How long after the dose increase would you recheck the levels?
1 week
In which cells does lyonisation occur
Every female somatic cell
An X-linked condition associated with self mutilation?
Lesch Nyhan syndrome
Visuospatial defects would be expected in a patient who had experienced damage to the
Right cerebral hemisphere
Hypokalaemia ECG changes
U waves
Flattened P waves
Broadened QRS complex
Prolonged QTc
What ECG finding is common with SSRIs
Bradycardia
The concept of the ‘categorical imperative’ is most associated with which branch of ethics
Deontology
What does a systematised delusion mean
Integrated into a belief system. A systematised delusional belief system will distort aspects of reality to incorporate them into the belief system.
4 year old would at what psychosexual stage
Phallic
Mechanism of action of carbamazapine
binds to sodium channels increases their refractory period
Contraindications to carbamazapine
a history of bone marrow depression
combination with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
Side effects of carbamazapine
Agranulocytosis
leucopenia
ataxia, dizziness, somnolence
vomiting, nausea
urticaria
fatigue
Arise when detailed images are seen from shapes. E.g. seeing the man in the moon, or Jesus Christ on a piece of burnt toast.
Paraideolic illusions
Arise due to specific mood (affective) states e.g. a woman is walking home in the dark and is frightened, she mistakes a tree for a tall man in a long coat.
Affect illusion
A patient experiences an hallucination at the same time as receiving a real stimulus in the same sensory modality
Functional hallucination
These are hallucinations beyond the possible sensory field
Extracampine hallucinations
These occur in one sensory modality in response to a real stimulus in another sensory modality
Reflex hallucinations
These relate to hallucinations of muscle or joint sense. Patient’s may describe that their limbs are being twisted or bent, or their muscles squeezed. They may also described being rocked about
Kinaesthetic hallucinations
This refers to a person’s experience of seeing a double of themselves in extrapersonal space without the experience of leaving ones body (no disembodiment)
Autoscopic hallucinations
What is conditioning a form of
Non declarative memory
Which antidepressant classes have high risk of low sodium
SSRIs
SNRIs
Which antidepressant classes have moderate risk of low sodium
TCAs
Which antidepressant classes have low risk of low sodium
MAOi
NASSA
Bupropion
Agomelatine
What would happen if the enzymes for a drug which followed first order kinetics became saturated?
The drug would start to be eliminated via zero order kinetics
Which drug induces it’s own metabolism?
Carbamazapine
Which drug inhibits it’s own metabolism?
Fluoxetine
Which enzyme is involved in the aetiology of alcoholic brain damage?
Transkelotase
According to the ICD-11, unless shortened by treatment intervention, how long must each episode last for it to be qualified as a manic episode?
14 days
HIV is an example of what kind of stigma
Discreditable
BMI calculation
BMI = Mass (kg) / height squared (in meters)
A candidate gene implicated in the metabolism of dopamine in the prefrontal cortex. This gene is also absent in Velocardiofacial disorder.
COMT
A candidate gene located on chromosome 8 which codes for a growth factor that stimulates neuron development and differentiation. Increased expression of the protein coded for by this gene is thought to lead to reduced glutamate levels.
NRG1
A candidate gene located on chromosome 6 which codes for a protein that is widely distributed in muscle and brain tissue, and is involved in the biogenesis of lysosome-related organelles
DTNBP1
Half life of nitrazepam
15-38
Ravens Progressive Matrices is primarily used to assess which of the following?
General intelligence
An organism that is composed of more than one genetically-distinct population of cells which originate from more than one zygote is referred to as a
Chimera
(In mosaics, the genetically different cell types all arise from a single zygote)
Where are cannabinoid receptors not found
Brainstem
Where are cannabinoid receptors found?
Basal ganglia
Hippocampus
Cerebellum
(also cerebral cortex)
What is released from the locus coeruleus?
Norepinephrine
Mutations with the granulin genes are most associated with which of the following?
Frontotemporal dementia
Which type of mutations is caused by a single nucleotide variation within the coding sequence of a gene that result in a premature termination codon?
Nonense
Regarding psychopathology, the mood of an individual is usually distinguished from their affect by what?
Duration
What are the big 5 personality traits?
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion (aka surgency)
Agreeableness
Neuroticism (aka emotional stability)
What is the mechanism of action of atomoxetine
noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor
When does separation anxiety peak?
10-18 months
The Clifton Assessment Procedure assess which two domains?
Cognition and behaviour
Which antipsychotics are used in mania?
haloperidol, olanzapine, quetiapine or risperidone
Pregabalin is a potent ligand for what
alpha-2-delta subunit of voltage-gated calcium channels in the central nervous system
Do transdermal drugs undergo the first pass effect?
No
slow, coarse tremor which gets worse with purposeful movement
Cerebellar/intention tremor
WHICH nerve myelination starts centrally and reaches the lamina cribrosa at or shortly after birth.
Optic
A father is keen to teach his young child to write a letter on a piece of paper. As he is unable to explain the request he rewards the child as they do aspects of the task. He issues a reward for the child sitting in the correct place, another when the child picks up the pencil, and another when the child marks the paper with the pencil.
Shaping
What is the last structure to myelinate?
Frontal lobes
What antidepressant has a licence for narcolepsy?
Clomipramine
Aprosody can be a feature of illnesses affecting which lobes
Frontal and temporal
Female carriers of an X-linked recessive mutation may manifest features of the disorder due to what?
Skewed X inactivation
designed to identify people who are likely to have a mental health disorder and should have a full assessment.
GAIN - SS
(Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire) is a screening test to identify general mental health difficulties in adolescents.
Strengths and difficulties questionnaire - SDQ
screen for problem gambling
NODS-CLiP
assesses the impact of traumatic events
PDS (Post-traumatic Stress diagnostic scale
Tertiary circular reactions - what age
12-18 months
Utilization behaviour is usually associated with which of the following?
Frontal lobe damage
