Injury/Stroke Flashcards
ACA Occlusion
Hemiparesis of the contralateral foot and leg (more severely than the arm)
Sensory loss of the contralateral foot and leg
Transcortical motor aphasia (lack of fluency with intact comprehension and repetition)
Abulia, disinhibition, executive dysfunction, anosognosia (lack of insight), emotional lability, frontal release signs (re-emergence of primitive reflexes)
Most common artery to be occluded
MCA
MCA Occlusion
Hemiparesis of the contralateral face and limbs
Sensory loss of contralateral face and limbs
Dysphasia / aphasia (when dominant hemisphere affected) (Broca and Wernicke)
Contralateral neglect
Homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia without macular sparing (macular vision not preserved)
Dorsolateral prefrontal dysfunction
PCA Occlusion
Alexia without agraphia (left PCA)
Contralateral loss of pain and temperature sensation
Contralateral hemianopia (with macular sparing)
Prosopagnosia
Ipsilateral cranial nerve defects (V, VIII, IX, X, & XI)
Horner’s syndrome
sensory inattention
apraxias
astereognosis (tactile agnosia)
inferior homonymous quadrantanopia
Gerstmann’s syndrome (lesion of dominant parietal): alexia, acalculia, finger agnosia and right-left disorientation
Parietal lobe lesion
homonymous hemianopia (with macula sparing)
cortical blindness
visual agnosia
Occipital lobe lesion
Wernicke’s aphasia: this area ‘forms’ the speech before ‘sending it’ to Brocas area. Lesions result in word substituion, neologisms but speech remains fluent
superior homonymous quadrantanopia
auditory agnosia
prosopagnosia (difficulty recognising faces)
Temporal lobe lesion
expressive (Broca’s) aphasia: located on the posterior aspect of the frontal lobe, in the inferior frontal gyrus. Speech is non-fluent, laboured, and halting
disinhibition
perseveration
anosmia
inability to generate a list
Frontal lobe lesion
midline lesions: gait and truncal ataxia
hemisphere lesions: intention tremor, past pointing, dysdiadokinesis, nystagmus
Cerebellar lesion
Wernicke’s /Korsakoff’s
Medial thalamus and mammillary bodies of the hypothalamus
Hemibalism
Subthalamic nucleus of the basal ganglia
Huntington’s chorea
Striatum (caudate nucleus) of the basal ganglia
Parkinson’s
Substantia nigra of the basal ganglia
Kluver-Bucy syndrome (hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperphagia, visual agnosia
Amygdala
Contralateral hemiplegia, impaired problem solving, disinhibition, lack of initiative, Broca’s aphasia and agraphia (dominant)
Frontal lobe dysfunction
Wernicke’s aphasia (dominant), homonymous upper quadrantanopia, auditory agnosia (non-dominant)
Temporal dysfunction
Anosognosia, dressing apraxia, spatial neglect, constructional apraxia
Non dominant parietal dysfunction
Gerstmann’s syndrome
Dominant parietal dysfunction
Visual agnosia, visual illusions, contralateral homonymous hemianopia
Occipital dysfunction
Area affected in prosopagnosia
Bilateral occipitotemporal / fusiform gyrus
First domain of orientation to go in delirium
Time
Balint syndrome
Simultanagnosia
Ocular apraxia
Optic ataxia
Bilateral parietal occipital damage
(balint is soo bpod)
Alexia without agraphia results from
Damage to dominant/left occipital lobe and corpus callosum (splenium). Also have right homonymous hemianopia
Medial frontal and anterior cingulate gyrus lesions are associated with
Apathy
Abulia
Akinetic mutism
Disruptions in motivation
