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NURS 212 > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

1
Q

sarcopenia,

A

a loss of muscle mass,
strength and endurance.

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2
Q

Bone density is a measure of

A

The amount of minerals in a bone

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3
Q

Severe injury

A

One that requires ‘medical attention, including a visit to
a physician, visit to an emergency department,
admission to hospital or immediate fall-related death’

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4
Q

Falls extend hospital stays by average of

A

10 days

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5
Q

Most common cause of injury in older adults

A

Falls

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6
Q

Falls cause how many deaths in older adults

A

6th leading cause

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7
Q

How many hip fracture patients never regain full function

A

50%

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8
Q

How many injry related hospitalizqations are falls

A

85%

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9
Q

How many LTC admissions are fall-related?

A

40%

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10
Q

Where do most falls occur

A

At home during ADLs

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11
Q

How many seniors hospitalized for hip fracture die within 1 year of hip fracture

A

25%

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12
Q

Length of hospital stay for fall has an average extra of ____ days

A

10

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13
Q

Behavioural risk for falls

A

History of falls
* Fear of falling
* Lack of physical activity
* Impaired safety awareness/ over
estimation of abilities
* Inappropriate use of adaptive
equipment
* Inappropriate footwear
* Substance misuse
* Poor nutrition/hydration
* Risk taking behavior

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14
Q

How does fear of falling affect walking

A

Not acting physiologically like normal seld, hesitant, ginger stepping, off balance etc.

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15
Q

SOCIOECONOMIC
Risk Factors

A
  • Communication / language barriers
  • Living alone
  • Lack of support network
  • Limited access to services /
    transport
  • Costs (equipment, medication,
    treatment, etc.)
  • Income level
  • Education level
  • Housing conditions
  • Cultural factors
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16
Q

Biological risk factors for falls

A
  • Impaired balance, mobility, muscle
    strength, coordination
  • Cognition & Mood (e.g. memory
    loss, delirium, agitation)
  • Syncope / dizziness
  • Sleep disturbance / fatigue
  • Vision/ hearing
  • Age and gender
  • Health conditions (cardio, resp,
    neuro, musculoskeletal,
    continence)
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17
Q

syncope

A

dizziness

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18
Q

Universal Falls Risk SAFE *** On the test

A

Safe environment (5 safety checks)
Assist with mobility (mobilize at LEASSt BID)
Fall and injury risk reduction
Engage [ateint and family/caregivier

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19
Q

Examples of Gait disorders

A

Ataxia, parkinsons, frail senior gait, hemiplegia, osteomalacia

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20
Q

Ataxia

A

Disorganized gait, staggering, sidestepping

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21
Q

Osteomalacia gait

A

(softening of bones due to Vit D
deficiency): Skeletal pain on weight bearing;
unstable waddling gait

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22
Q

Frail senior gait

A

Stooped posture, hip and
knee flexion, diminished arm swing, stiffness
in turning

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23
Q

Parkinsons gait typical

A

Propulsion gait

24
Q

Osteoporis

A

Porous Bone

When the body loses too much bone or does not make enough bone

Silent disease

High risk of bone fracture

25
Q

Osteopperosis affect on people

A

Affects 55% of peopel over 50

Can result in significant pain. loss of funciton

26
Q

Non modifiable risk factors for osteoperosis

A
  • Female gender
  • Caucasian race
  • Northern European ancestry
  • Advanced age
  • Family history of
    osteoporosis
  • Previous fragility and > 40 yrs
    of age
27
Q

Prevenion and management of osteoperiosis

A

Must begin in childhood and teen years to continue

28
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative joint disease

Wear and tear damage over time causes loss of cartilage causing rough joints to rub

29
Q

OA

A

Theory of multiple causation:
Infection, autoimmunity, genetic factors,
environmental factors, hormonal factors

Symptoms: pain, swelling, stiffness

\women affected more than men

Onset is gradual usually beginning in 40s

30
Q

Rheumatoid arthritis

A

Autoimmune disease

Chronic progressive disease that is a systemic diseasee of the immune system

Msot common type of arthrisit

31
Q

Damage to joints is due to

A

inflammation

32
Q

Synovitis

A

(congestion/edema of
synovial membrane and joint capsule)

33
Q
  • Pannus formation
A

n (thickened layers of
granulation tissue that cover and
invade cartilage, destroy the joint
capsule)

34
Q

Fibrous ankylosis

A

(fibrous invasion of
the pannus and scar formation that
occludes joint space)

35
Q

Calcification

A

of fibrous tissue (total
ankylosis, immobilizing the joint)

36
Q

RA is more common in women

A

2-3x

37
Q

Symptoms of RA

A

worsens in the morning and
after long periods of inactivity
* Flare-up can last a few days to a few
months

38
Q

Osteoarthritis vs RA

A

OA: Bone ends rub together bc of thinned cartilage

RA: Swollen inflamed synovial membrane and bone erosion

39
Q

Onset of OA

A

Late life

Slow progression

40
Q

Joints affected by OA

A

Asymmetrical

Wt bearing joints

41
Q

RA onsetq

A

Any age

Rapid onset

Symmetircal distribution

42
Q

Functional consequences of arthritis

A

QOL of life

More meds and side effects

Higher risk for complication

43
Q

Arthritis Tylenol

A

Slow release tylonel

44
Q

Nursing assessment for arthritis

A

Assess pain, mobility, evidence of
falls, psychosocial changes
* Need for mobilization aids
(canes, walkers, scooters and
wheelchairs)
* Assess baseline psychological
function within stages of the
disease
* Assess medication management
and side effects

45
Q

Pharm interventions

A

Antiinflams
Anti-Rehuemtics and immunity suppressant

NSAIDS

Antibiotic

46
Q

Non pharm arthritis interventions

A

Local (ice/ heat to joints and/ or limbs)
* Systemic (regular and sufficient sleep 8-10 hrs)
* Psychologic (stress reduction)
* PT: exercise, gross motor assistance
* OT: aids to living (larger handled utensils, zipper
pulls, bath bars, etc.), fine motor assistance
* Stress reduction: pet therapy, music therapy, art
therapy, meditation, prayer, gardening, deep
breathing, etc.

47
Q

Parkinsons

A

Dopamine deficiency resulting in dopamine ACh imbalance

Lack of communication bw nerve cells

ACh acts to stimulate skeletal smooth and cardiac muscle contractions

48
Q

Parkinsons more common in which sex

A

Men

49
Q

Onset of parkinsosn

A

Onset most commonly at approximately 60
years, but can occur throughout the lifespan`

50
Q

PD characterised by

A

Tremor
Rigidity + stooped posture
Bradykinesia (slow movement)* Hypophonia (lowered voice
volume)
* Micrographia (small, cramped
writing)
* Pain
* Depression and dementia are
common comorbidities

51
Q

Neurodegeerative disease (PD_

A

Begins degeneration in the brain but progresses throught to the rest of the body

52
Q

Wearing off effect

A

Parkinsons meds have short half life and thus are prescribed close together

Since there are intact neurons usually during parkinosns, the wearing off effect can be sudden and cause great anxiety to clients

53
Q

Functional consequences of parkinsosn

A
  • Disruption to quality of life related to work and
    social/relational changes
  • Management of medication regime and side
    effects
  • Higher risk for influenza, community acquired
    pneumonia and poorer outcomes
  • Higher risk for falls
  • Frequent hospitalizations
  • Depression
54
Q

Nursing assessment for parkinsons

A

Medication side effect (i/e/ Dyskenesia)
Assess mobility and provide aids
Assess patient’s understanding of disease
Psychosocial assessment

55
Q

Therapy for PD

A

No cure for underlying pathology
(although gene therapy is being tested)
* Drugs + physiotherapy + exercise +
psychological support → provide
maximal symptomatic relief and permit
a near normal lifespan.
* Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)

56
Q
A

NURS 212 (15 decks)

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