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NURS 212 > Mobility > Flashcards

Mobility Flashcards

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1
Q

sarcopenia,

A

a loss of muscle mass,
strength and endurance.

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2
Q

Bone density is a measure of

A

The amount of minerals in a bone

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3
Q

Severe injury

A

One that requires ‘medical attention, including a visit to
a physician, visit to an emergency department,
admission to hospital or immediate fall-related death’

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4
Q

Falls extend hospital stays by average of

A

10 days

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5
Q

Most common cause of injury in older adults

A

Falls

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6
Q

Falls cause how many deaths in older adults

A

6th leading cause

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7
Q

How many hip fracture patients never regain full function

A

50%

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8
Q

How many injry related hospitalizqations are falls

A

85%

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9
Q

How many LTC admissions are fall-related?

A

40%

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10
Q

Where do most falls occur

A

At home during ADLs

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11
Q

How many seniors hospitalized for hip fracture die within 1 year of hip fracture

A

25%

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12
Q

Length of hospital stay for fall has an average extra of ____ days

A

10

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13
Q

Behavioural risk for falls

A

History of falls
* Fear of falling
* Lack of physical activity
* Impaired safety awareness/ over
estimation of abilities
* Inappropriate use of adaptive
equipment
* Inappropriate footwear
* Substance misuse
* Poor nutrition/hydration
* Risk taking behavior

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14
Q

How does fear of falling affect walking

A

Not acting physiologically like normal seld, hesitant, ginger stepping, off balance etc.

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15
Q

SOCIOECONOMIC
Risk Factors

A
  • Communication / language barriers
  • Living alone
  • Lack of support network
  • Limited access to services /
    transport
  • Costs (equipment, medication,
    treatment, etc.)
  • Income level
  • Education level
  • Housing conditions
  • Cultural factors
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16
Q

Biological risk factors for falls

A
  • Impaired balance, mobility, muscle
    strength, coordination
  • Cognition & Mood (e.g. memory
    loss, delirium, agitation)
  • Syncope / dizziness
  • Sleep disturbance / fatigue
  • Vision/ hearing
  • Age and gender
  • Health conditions (cardio, resp,
    neuro, musculoskeletal,
    continence)
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17
Q

syncope

A

dizziness

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18
Q

Universal Falls Risk SAFE *** On the test

A

Safe environment (5 safety checks)
Assist with mobility (mobilize at LEASSt BID)
Fall and injury risk reduction
Engage [ateint and family/caregivier

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19
Q

Examples of Gait disorders

A

Ataxia, parkinsons, frail senior gait, hemiplegia, osteomalacia

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20
Q

Ataxia

A

Disorganized gait, staggering, sidestepping

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21
Q

Osteomalacia gait

A

(softening of bones due to Vit D
deficiency): Skeletal pain on weight bearing;
unstable waddling gait

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22
Q

Frail senior gait

A

Stooped posture, hip and
knee flexion, diminished arm swing, stiffness
in turning

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23
Q

Parkinsons gait typical

Study These Flashcards
A

Propulsion gait

24
Q

Osteoporis

Study These Flashcards
A

Porous Bone

When the body loses too much bone or does not make enough bone

Silent disease

High risk of bone fracture

25
Osteopperosis affect on people
Affects 55% of peopel over 50 Can result in significant pain. loss of funciton
26
Non modifiable risk factors for osteoperosis
* Female gender * Caucasian race * Northern European ancestry * Advanced age * Family history of osteoporosis * Previous fragility and > 40 yrs of age
27
Prevenion and management of osteoperiosis
Must begin in childhood and teen years to continue
28
Osteoarthritis
Degenerative joint disease Wear and tear damage over time causes loss of cartilage causing rough joints to rub
29
OA
Theory of multiple causation: Infection, autoimmunity, genetic factors, environmental factors, hormonal factors Symptoms: pain, swelling, stiffness \women affected more than men Onset is gradual usually beginning in 40s
30
Rheumatoid arthritis
Autoimmune disease Chronic progressive disease that is a systemic diseasee of the immune system Msot common type of arthrisit
31
Damage to joints is due to
inflammation
32
Synovitis
(congestion/edema of synovial membrane and joint capsule)
33
* Pannus formation
n (thickened layers of granulation tissue that cover and invade cartilage, destroy the joint capsule)
34
Fibrous ankylosis
(fibrous invasion of the pannus and scar formation that occludes joint space)
35
Calcification
of fibrous tissue (total ankylosis, immobilizing the joint)
36
RA is more common in women
2-3x
37
Symptoms of RA
worsens in the morning and after long periods of inactivity * Flare-up can last a few days to a few months
38
Osteoarthritis vs RA
OA: Bone ends rub together bc of thinned cartilage RA: Swollen inflamed synovial membrane and bone erosion
39
Onset of OA
Late life Slow progression
40
Joints affected by OA
Asymmetrical Wt bearing joints
41
RA onsetq
Any age Rapid onset Symmetircal distribution
42
Functional consequences of arthritis
QOL of life More meds and side effects Higher risk for complication
43
Arthritis Tylenol
Slow release tylonel
44
Nursing assessment for arthritis
Assess pain, mobility, evidence of falls, psychosocial changes * Need for mobilization aids (canes, walkers, scooters and wheelchairs) * Assess baseline psychological function within stages of the disease * Assess medication management and side effects
45
Pharm interventions
Antiinflams Anti-Rehuemtics and immunity suppressant NSAIDS Antibiotic
46
Non pharm arthritis interventions
Local (ice/ heat to joints and/ or limbs) * Systemic (regular and sufficient sleep 8-10 hrs) * Psychologic (stress reduction) * PT: exercise, gross motor assistance * OT: aids to living (larger handled utensils, zipper pulls, bath bars, etc.), fine motor assistance * Stress reduction: pet therapy, music therapy, art therapy, meditation, prayer, gardening, deep breathing, etc.
47
Parkinsons
Dopamine deficiency resulting in dopamine ACh imbalance Lack of communication bw nerve cells ACh acts to stimulate skeletal smooth and cardiac muscle contractions
48
Parkinsons more common in which sex
Men
49
Onset of parkinsosn
Onset most commonly at approximately 60 years, but can occur throughout the lifespan`
50
PD characterised by
Tremor Rigidity + stooped posture Bradykinesia (slow movement)* Hypophonia (lowered voice volume) * Micrographia (small, cramped writing) * Pain * Depression and dementia are common comorbidities
51
Neurodegeerative disease (PD_
Begins degeneration in the brain but progresses throught to the rest of the body
52
Wearing off effect
Parkinsons meds have short half life and thus are prescribed close together Since there are intact neurons usually during parkinosns, the wearing off effect can be sudden and cause great anxiety to clients
53
Functional consequences of parkinsosn
* Disruption to quality of life related to work and social/relational changes * Management of medication regime and side effects * Higher risk for influenza, community acquired pneumonia and poorer outcomes * Higher risk for falls * Frequent hospitalizations * Depression
54
Nursing assessment for parkinsons
Medication side effect (i/e/ Dyskenesia) Assess mobility and provide aids Assess patient's understanding of disease Psychosocial assessment
55
Therapy for PD
No cure for underlying pathology (although gene therapy is being tested) * Drugs + physiotherapy + exercise + psychological support → provide maximal symptomatic relief and permit a near normal lifespan. * Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS)
56

NURS 212 (21 decks)

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