CH 12 & 13 Flashcards
Psychosocial refers to
Mental health, cognition and affective function
Mental health
Encompassing cognitive and affective aspects of person
Cognition
Thinking, reasoning, and inpairments like delirium and dementia
Affective function
intrapersonal (within
ourselves) and interpersonal (relationship with
others and the world), and impairments like
depression, psychiatric illnesses and loss of
touch with reality
Intrapersonal
Inside of person
Interpersonal
Between people
Psychosocial changes associated with older adulthood require
Energy for coping
Psycosocial challenges associated with aging affected by
Role change, relationships and living
Life events
Major life changes, neither good nor bad
Examples of life-changing events
Retirement
* Relocation
* Chronic illness and Functional
impairment
* Widowhood
* Death of friends and family
* Ageist Attitudes
* Loss of autonomy (ie. Driving)
Risk factors that affect psychosocial function
Poor physical health
* Impaired functional abilities
* Weak social supports
* Lack of economic resources
* Immature developmental level
* Narrow range of coping skills
* Occurrence of unanticipated events
* Occurrence of several daily hassles at the same time
* Occurrence of several major life events over short time
Stress
The sum of all effects of factors that act on the body
Stressors
Normal activities and disease states, pleasant and not
Three stages of stressors
Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
*coping can come before stress
Chronic stress does what?
Increases risks for various conditions
Physical pain vs non physical pain (Which is worse)
emotional (non phys)
Do older adults usually have coping skills
Often yes, becuase more experience has caused them to experience more hardships, and learn to cope throughout them
Eustress
An event or experience that is considered positive but still causes stress
Distress
Negative events causing stress
The better the coping means
The less impact stress will have on the body
Coping styles
Seeking information
* Reframing situation
* Maintaining hopeful outlook
* Using stress reduction techniques
* Channeling energy into physical activity
* Creating fantasies regarding outcomes
* Finding reassurance and emotional support
* Identifying limits and realistic goals
* Getting involved in activities such as art, music
and writing
Which coping styles are available to older adults
All of them to some degree
How can nurses help older adults cope
Identifying interventions for optimal funciton and quality of life
Psychosocial interventions to deal with chronic conditions to remain at home safely
Factors affecting psychosocial function in odler aduls
spirituality, culture, support system (coming from outside), resilience (coming from inside)
How does the importance of spirituality change throughout life?
It increases as people age
How does spirituality change with age
Becomes broader and more personal with age
Spirituality related to health outcomes
Spirituality and religious practices of older people are linked to positive health outcomes (not physical health, but persons outlook and perception of situation)
Health-enhancing or
health-protecting effects of
religiosity are due to the
unique qualities of social
support provided through
church networks. T or F
True
Culture bound syndrome
A belief system can create a limit of acknowledgement of emotional/mental health
Health Literacy
listening skills, the ability to
speak and communicate health needs, and the
ability to act on written health information
and instruction from health care providers
What percentage of adult Canadians do not have proficient health literacy
6/10 - especially true of immigrants
Resilience
Ability to vounce back and recover physical and psychological health in the face of adversity
Ability to employ coping mechanisms
Outcome of resilience
Increased wisdom
What does level 1: primary spiritual care
Self awareness, assessing, compassionate presence, making referrals
What does level 2: spiritual care look like
Administration of religious rites, counselling etc.
Spiritual assesssment tool
FICA
Psychosocial Assessment includes
Mental Status Assessment (ie. MMSE)
* Physical Appearance
* Decision-Making and Executive Function
* Affective Function
* Contact with Reality
* Social Support
* Religion & Spirituality
What is included in a mental status assessment
Mental status screening tools (MMSE)
* Physical appearance
* Motor function, body language,
psychomotor behaviours
* Social skills
* Response to the interview
* Orientation
* Alertness and attention
* Memory
* Speech and language characteristics
* Calculation and higher language skills
Mini-Mental Status Exam (MMSE)
Assess 5 areas of cognitive function
Orientation
* Attention
* Memory
* Language
* Spatial-visual skills
Psychosocial assessment aspects
Affective Function
Contact with Reality
Social Support
Religion & Spirituality
Delusion
Fixed false beliefs
Hallucination
Sensory experiences that have no external stimulus
Examples of nursing psychosocial diagnoses
Situational low self-esteem (or risk for)
* Powerlessness (or risk for)
* Social isolation
* Ineffective coping
* Readiness for enhanced spiritual
well-being
* Readiness for enhanced coping
* Readiness for enhanced resilience
Illusion
Misperception of an external stimuli, have SOME basis in reality
Does everyone have spirituality
spirituality as intrinsic
to human nature and emphasized that it was an individual’s
deepest and the most potent resource for healing
healing;
wholeness; social justice; personal growth; interpersonal
relationships; a sense of meaning and purpose to life; a transcendent
relationship with a higher being;
Learned helplessness
is the experience of uncontrollable
events that leads to expectations that future events
will also be uncontrollable.
Life Review
a progressive
return to consciousness of past experiences, particularly unresolved
conflicts, for reexamination and reintegration. If the
reintegration process is successful, the process gives new
significance and meaning to life and prepares the person for
death by alleviating fear and anxiety
Reminiscence
Reminiscence
therapy as a nursing intervention is the recall of past
events, feelings, images and memories that are associated
with comfort, pleasure and pleasant experiences.
confabulation,
the process of
making up information,
Circumstantiality
involves the use of excessive details and
roundabout answers in responding to questions.
Executive function
involves
an interrelated set of abilities that include cognitive flexibility,
concept formation and self-monitoring; but it does not
necessarily involve memory impairment
