Hearing and Vision

Question 1

Age related changes to the ear

Answer 1

Degenerative changes in inner ear
* Narrowing of auditory meatus from
bone apposition (Squeeze closer together)
* Diminished blood supply
* Central nervous system changes

Question 2

Diff bw hard of hearing and deaf?

Answer 2

HOH is a level of hearing impairment

Deafness is Profound hearing loss

Question 3

Three categories of Hearing impairment

Answer 3

Prelingual (HOH occurs very young)
Postlingual (Occurs sometimes after age 2)
Presbycusis (age related degeneration of auditory structure)

Question 4

Risk Factors affecting hearing wellness

Answer 4

male gender, increased age
genetic predisposition
exposure to noise
impacted cerumen
smoking
exposure to secondhand smoke
ototoxic medications
certain medical conditions

Question 5

Most prevalent risk factos for impaired hearing

Answer 5

Noise induced hearing loss
- Preventable
- Prolonged
- Associated with occupations and rec activities

Question 6

Types of hearing impairment

Answer 6

Conductive (abnormalities of external and middle ear) - sound ability to pass through canal
Sensorineural hearing loss: Abnormalities of sensor and neural structures of inner ear
Mixed: Involving both

Question 7

Adjunct

Answer 7

Exacerbates

Question 8

Hearing Assessment

Answer 8

Otoscopic exam
Tuning fork tests for hearing
Screening tools
Family history with past and present risks
Attitudes abt hearing aids

Question 9

Nursing diagnoses

Answer 9

Readiness for enhanced communication
* Anxiety
* Impaired social interaction
* Ineffective coping
* Risk for loneliness
* Risk for injury

Question 10

Eye Related change

Answer 10

arcus senilis, loss of
orbital fat and diminished elasticity of eyelid muscles—
usually do not interfere with vision

Diminished tear production

Degenerative changes affect the retinal-neural pathway and visual cortex of the brain

Less efficient at taking in light and interpreting

Question 11

Visual impairment

Answer 11

Loss CANNOT be corrected, ranging from mild to blindness

Question 12

Mild impairment

Answer 12

Caused by normal age related changes, excarebated by environmental conditions such as glare and poor lighting

Question 13

Presbyopia

Answer 13

Loss of accomodation

Question 14

Risk factors affecting visual wellness

Answer 14

Lifestyle
Nutrition
Smoking + exposure
Sunlight exposure
Chronic conditions + medications

Question 15

Functional Consequences Affecting visual wellness

Answer 15

Presbyopia ***
Need for 3-5 times more light than previously
Difficulty with night dribng
Increased risk for mobility and falls
Increased difficulty in performing usual activities
Anxiety, depression and lower levels of psychological
well-being
Effect on driving

Question 16

Cataracts

Answer 16

leading, (potentially) reversible cause of vision impairment

Advanced age
Malnutrition
Diabetes
Adverse medications

Question 17

Age related macular degeneration (AMD)

Answer 17

leading cause
of severe vision loss

Question 18

Glaucoma

Answer 18

Glaucoma: causes loss of peripheral vision leading to
blindness if untreated

Leading cause of blindness, considered a chronic issue

Diabetes
o Corticosteroid use
o Family history
o Latino and Asian
descent

encompasses multiple eye diseases

Question 19

AMD

Answer 19

Leading cause of severe
vision loss in older adults
Risk factors include
o Advanced age
o Smoking
o Exposure to sunlight
o Family history

Occurs inside the eyeball

Question 20

Amsler grid

Answer 20

Type of visual assessment option

Question 21

Steroids do what

Answer 21

Make things improve to progress quickly

Question 22

Open-angle glaucoma

Answer 22

Most common form

 Early signs: poor vision in
dim lighting and increased
sensitivity to glare

Treated with laser surgery

Question 23

Normal pressure glaucoma

Answer 23

Optic nerve damaged
Unknown cause

Question 24

Acute Angle Closure glaucoma

Answer 24

Less common form
medical emergency

Question 25

Nursing Diagnoses

Answer 25

Readiness for Enhanced Knowledge: Improved Vision
Disturbed Sensory Perception: Visual
Anxiety
Ineffective Coping
Self-Care Deficit
Risk for Injury
Impaired Social Interaction