mnsr 40

Question 1

– is required for species to survive they must multiply and reduce to replace dead species and maintain stability. No rapid control needed by a —- which is provided by the endocrine system chemicals

Answer 1

reproduction, sustained stimulus

Question 2

— implies the transfer of genetic material from one partner to another which allows the recombination if genotypes of both parents , since – is involved and the prodcution of haploid sperms and eggs we’ll have further possibilities by —-

Answer 2

• sexual reproduction ( it promotes genetic variation )
• meiosis
• crossing over in the bivealent arise

Question 3

— is when both female and male sex organs are in the same individual
— is the ability of self- fertiizlation most common in lower vertebrates except. playphemith aka flat worms
—- is the transfer of sperm between hermaphrodite partner is the usual mechanism common in ringed worms

Answer 3

• hermaphroditism
• autogamy
• sexual annelid

Question 4

— is the reproduction from a female gametes without fertilisation by a male gamets by which the unfertalized egg will develop to — in —- as: arthropods , crutesca and insecta
since the ova are usually — the offscrouds are effective – of the parents
some – can be induced to develop pathogenesis

Answer 4

-partheogenesis
- maturity in asexual reproduction
- diploid , effective clones
- eggs

Question 5

in animal reproduction:
the — female deposits eggs into the water where the male will release sperm fertilising them
in —- as reptile/birds/mammals they have developed —- which requires the male copulatory organs to fertilise the egg and later female genital tracts for nutrition of the growing embryo
In mammals there is transition from —- to —-

Answer 5

• fish
• terrestrial tetrapods , internal fertilisation
• oviparous which is laying egg to viviparous which is producing live young

Question 6

the basic reproductive organs are — which are —

Answer 6

• gonads
• testis in males which produce spermatozoa or sperm
• ovaries in females producing eggs or ova

Question 7

ova ( egg) and spermatozoa ( sperm ) are known as —- which are mature —— cells which is able to unite with the opposite sex in sexual reproduction to form —

Answer 7

• gametes ( mature haploid germ cells )
• zygot

Question 8

both testis and the ovaries develop in the —- of the embryo just medial to —-

Answer 8

• mesodermal genital ridge
• mesonerphos ( intermediate kidney )

Question 9

mesonerphic or wolffian ducts are gradually taken over by —-

Answer 9

males for reproductive purposes

Question 10

paramesoneprhic or mullernian ducts are take by – for reproductive purposes

Answer 10

females

Question 11

the in males the sperm is conducted —- via —-

Answer 11

outside via closed tubes of the excretory system

Question 12

the females ova are shed into —- and then passed to —-

Answer 12

• column ( body cavity located between the intestinal canal and body wall ) , passed to special tube aka the mullerian tube or fallopian tube

Question 13

the most male vertebrates will retain their testes in a —- in the —— of the coelmic cavity
the most mammals testes descends to the —- during the —– passing through —

Answer 13

• primitive position in the upper lumbar region
• scortal sacs ( paired pooches formed on the floor of the abdonmal cavity) , foetal devlopemt , inguinal canal ( which is a passage in the anterior abdominal wall and transmits structure from the pelvis to the perineum )

Question 14

with the testes decent the —- , their nerve and blood supply and fold of mesentery is called —
the testes remains attached to the —
in some mammals the inguinal canal remain – and the testes may re-ascend between the —

Answer 14

• sperm duct
• gubernaculum
• scortal wall of the gubernaculum
• open , breeding seasons

Question 15

seminerfous tubules are contained within the fibrous capsule called —

Answer 15

tunica albugenia

Question 16

each testis contains up to 1,000 highly coiled —– that are open in both ends and produce — into —- which acts as —

Answer 16

• seminiferous tubules
• sperm
• rete testis
• reservoir

Question 17

— are series of fine ciliated tubules which connects — within —

Answer 17

vasa efferentia or efferent ducts , connects the rate testist within the epidydims

Question 18

— is a long conciliated duct lined with psedustraitifed colomanl epithelium with steriocilia ( micovilia )

Answer 18

epididymis

Question 19

the — are transported through the — by peristalsis if the later of smooth muscle in the wall

Answer 19

• immobile spermatoza , epididymis

Question 20

the — is the site of sperm maturation which acquire —–

Answer 20

epididymis which acquires motility and ability to fertilise ( CHECL STRUCTURE 14)

Question 21

each seminiferous tubule has — surrounded by ——

Answer 21

• germinal epithelium
• outer basement membrane , fibroelastic connective tissue layer and myoid cells ( flattened smooth muscle-like cells of mesodermal origins that lies outside the basement membrane of the somniferous tubule )

Question 22

1-the cells resting on the basment membrane is — and the slowly divide by —-
2- gives rise to clones of —- as —
3- these —- now undergo series of —- to produce —- and divide by — aka —–
4- to produce —– and they divide rapidly by — to produce —- by the process of —- which differentiate into —- and stored in the —
5- through out this process the cells are intimate contact with nurse cells called —

Answer 22

1- diploid 2N germ cells , type A1 spermatogenia , divide by mitosis
2- spermatogenia including type B spermatogenia
3- Type B spermatogenia , mitotic divison to produce primary spermatocytes ( 2N) , divide by meiosis aka spermatogenesis
4- secondary spermatocytes , meiotic divisor , haploid spermatids N , spermiogonesis , spermatozoa , epididymis
5- steroli cells
( CRHCK SLIDE 19)

Question 23

The process of spermatogenesis is largely under control of —-
—- secreted testastone to maintain secondary male charactestics
testasttone production is regulated by —-

Answer 23

FSH from pituitry gland
Leydig
LH

Question 24

penis has an — which is capable of being filled with blood and is composed of —- and — surrounding the —
the — supplying the cavernous bodies dilate and filling the cavernosa with the blood while at the same time the veins are compressed

Answer 24

• erectile tissue
• corpora cavernosa and corpus spongiosum
• urthera
• helicine artery
  ( CHEKC STRUCTURE 21)

Question 25

Prior ejaculation ( explosion of semen ) the spermatozoa are propelled from —– into —- which these passes over the — then through — to join —-

Answer 25

epididymis by perstalis of smooth muscle into the vas deferens , they pass over the bladder then on through the prostate gland join urthera

Question 26

— a muscular tube which brings spermtotza back into the abdominal cavity

Answer 26

vas deferns

Question 27

in males the – is a common urino-genital duct

Answer 27

urethra

Question 28

accessory organs for seminal fluid include:
1- the paired — empty into the vas defers and produce —- which is 60% of semen volume
2- single —- produces — containg citric acids (used for ATP production of sperm and ) and acid phosphatase which is 30% of semen volume and basic amines are netrailzied by the acidity of the vagina
3- — aka — produces viscous mucous secretion for —

Answer 28

• paired seminal vesicle produces viscous fluid containing the fructose which is used for ATP production by sperm
• prostate gland
• Cowper gland aka bulbo-urtheral , lubrication

Question 29

-ejaculation emerges as: ——
- the semen initially coagulates then becomes —- over the next 15-20 minutes
- this is helped by the —–
- the sperm that are – in the male ducts will now become —-

Answer 29

• cowpers secretion –> prostatic fluid –> speromtoza –> seminal vesicle secretions
• less viscous
• prostatic proenzyme
• inactive becomes active and motile