mnsr 39 Flashcards
the – produce gametes and act as endocrine glands
gonads
the sex hormones are all – based —
cholesterol based steroids
( cholesterol is a molecule of 27 carbons )
the first step of steroid production removes — producing an intermediate of —- known as —- which is then converted into active — which are divided into – groups based on the number of — in the structure:
the carbon-21 steroid is :
the carbon 19:
the carbon 18:
- terminal 6 carbons
- 21 carbons
- pregnenolone
- active sex steroids
- 3 groups
- number of carbons
- prostergone, cortisol , aldosterone
- androgens
- estrogen’s
the hormones produces in the testes are called —-
androgens
some 95% of the circulating testasteon is produced by —
leydig cells of the testis
at puberty under the influence of —- the intestinal cells begin to secrete – and continue to do so during the reproductive life through reading peak about —
- pitutry LH
- testosterone
- 20 years
the functions of testatsron includes:
- mainatance of male ducts and glands as penis and prostate
- stimulates and supports spermatogenesis
- induce and maintain the male secondary sexual characteristics such as: body hair , beard growth , lower voice , aggressive behaviour
- anabolic effects as muscle build up, nitrogen retention and male shape
- during the FETAL LIFE from the 7th week small quantities are produced by the testes which differentiate male ducts and organs
— is a hormone that stimulates Sertoli cells and promotes spermatogenesis , secretions of androgens binding proteins and inhibin which is the -ve feedback mechanism of this hormone secretion
FSH
— stimulates the leydig cells and induce the secretion of testastron as its released into the blood stream by systemic circulation and directly into the seminferfous tubules ( bound and concentrated by AMP )
LH
the hormones produced by the ovaries are in 2 groups —- and — and they are both controlled by —-
( CHECK SLIDE 10)
estrogen ( has 3 main types ) and prosterogen
both are controlled by FSH and LH
—- is the most active and most abundant during woman’s reproductive years and produced by granulosa cells developing in the ovarian follicle
estradiol-17
—- produced in large amount by the placenta in pregnant woman
estriol
— main estrogen and found in post-menopausal women and produced within the peripheral tissue especially adipose tissue
estrone
the main functions of estrogen:
- mainatance of female ducts and increase the division of vaginal epithelium and uterine endometrium
- induce and maintain the female secondary characyertsic such as: breast enlargement, deposition of adipose tissue, external genital hair , distribution of hair , skeletal effects as shorter stature and broader pelvis
- physiological effects including mainatance of bone density , anti- inflammatory signalling m liver and cardiac function , cognitive function
the most active progestogen hormone is — which is secreted by —- and during pregnancy by —
- progesteron
- cells in the corpus lutem
- placenta