mnsr 36

Question 1

— is the chief source of tropic hormones
there are – types of cells associated in this area of the pitutry
in basophil:
- corticotrobes:
- thrytrobes:
-gonadotrobes:
in acidophil:
-somatrobes:
- lactotrobes:
- chromotropes:

Answer 1

pars distalis, 6 types
- ACTH ( has the shortest half life, peptide )
- TSH (glycoprotein )
- LH , FSH (glycoprotein)
- GH (polypeptide)
- PROLACTIN (polypeptide)
- UNKNOWN

Question 2

— is also known as thyrotrophin stimulates the thyroid glands
release is controlled by —-
and hormones released are —
the -ve feedback operates via:

Answer 2

• thyroid stimulating hormone
• thyroid releasing hormone
• T3(triidothryone ) , T4 (thyroxine)
• hyporthalmus to pars distalis

Question 3

the TSH is secreted in a — manner and the peak is at —
the functions of TSH are: — fucntion and — action

Answer 3

• pulsatile manner
• night
• stimulating function: stimulates the hormone release
• morphological action: stimulates growth in the size and number of the thyroid follicular cells
• may enhance the uptake of thyroid hormone by muscle cell

Question 4

— is also known as corticotrophin released from —- in response to —- from the hypothalamus
its a tropic hormone that targets the —-
it stimulates the release of:

Answer 4

• ACTH
• pitutry
• CRH , corticotropin releasing hormone
• adrenal gland specially adrenal cortex
• glucorticode as cortisol
• mineralcorticodes
• androgens as testatrone precursor

Question 5

ACTH is released in a — and the is — which means it peaks at —-
the functions are:
- long term:
- short term:
- the -ve feedback shows the rise in coricle adrenal hormones lead to —–

Answer 5

-pulsatile
- diurnal
- peaks at the day time early morning
- initiate and maintains full development of the adrenal gland
- response to stress reaction and ACTH will be released in seconds
- decreased ACTH , CRH

Question 6

– is also known as the stress hormone and prepares for the — response and is released by — in the —
chronic stress can lead to adrenal exhaustion and inability to response to stress

Answer 6

• cortisol
• flight or fight
• anterior pitutry to the adrenal cortex

Question 7

gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) stimulates the release of ——

Answer 7

LH , FSH

Question 8

FSH affects both sex:
in female:
-stimulates the growth of the — and stimulates — secretion by the follicular cells
in males:
- stimulates the growth of —- in the seminerfous tubules of the testis
in both females and males its controlled by feedback system of levels of the —— as —-

Answer 8

• follicles
• estrogens
• germinal epithelium
• sex hormones
• testrasrone in males and estrogen in females

Question 9

the function of the lutenzing hormone:
in males its sometimes called —- as its stimulates the —- and the secretion of —–
in females it causes —- of the ovarian follicle immdeditrly after ovulation and forms the —- which produces —-
it also controls the final step of —- where its release stimlaueted by oestrogen levels

Answer 9

• maintains the interstitial tissue of the testes and the ovaries even when gametogenic tissue is unavailable
• interstitial cells stimulating hormones ( ICSH )
• leydigs , testastrone
• lutenization , corpus lutem , prostrogen
• ovulation

Question 10

— is also known as the mammotrophin , lactose and
its derived from — and its related to the —-
the main function is the development and production of — which has been stimulated by — and — during the pregnancy
the major stimulus of the secretion is the —- of the nipple by sucking infant
prolactin us mediated by — linked receptors with requires two prolactin molecules to activate

Answer 10

• prolactin
• polypeptide
• GH
• milk
• gonatropins and sex hormones
• tactile
• two

Question 11

in males the prolactin will increase —– receptors in the —

Answer 11

LH , leydig cells

Question 12

prolactin is inhibited by

Answer 12

dopamine

Question 13

– is also known as the somatrophic hormone

Answer 13

growth hormone

Question 14

the function of somatostatin —-

Answer 14

inhibition of the growth hormone

Question 15

insulin growth factor-1 increases the growth of the peripheral tissues and stimulates —- to — and prevents —–

Answer 15

• somatostatin
• inhibit GH
• release of GH from the pitutry

Question 16

the growth hormone controls the – of the individual and has — effect
its — and also peaks during —
the physiological effects include stimulation —-

Answer 16

• growth , metabolic effect
• diurnal , during sleep
• trasportation of amino acid and protein sythesis

Question 17

absence of GH leads to — in children
and excessive GH leads to
— in children
— adults

Answer 17

• dwarfism
• giantism/gigantism
• acromegaly

Question 18

boundary between anterior and posterior lobes of the pituitary is — and is located close to — derived from the same tissue as —- and produces one hormone which is –

Answer 18

-pars intermedia
- pars nervous
- pars dilsis
- MSH

Question 19

melanocyte stimulating hormone is found in thee forms —–
it affects the production and dispersion of — and has roles in mammals as —– and —-

Answer 19

• alpha-MSH : 13 a.a similar to ACTH
• • b-MSH : 18 a.a
• g. mSH : 12 a.a
• melanin
• tanning ability post uv exposure and the skin/hair color

Question 20

the two hormones found in the posterior pitutry are —–
has vert short half life (2-4 min for oxytocin and 15-30 mins for ADH )
both are manufactured in the —- in the areas —- and —-
they are transported alone the axons to —- where they are stored until needed

Answer 20

• oxytocin
• vasopressin / ADH
• hypothalmus
• paraventricular nuclei and supraoptic
• pars nervosa
  ( CHECK STRUCTURE IN SLIDE 23)

Question 21

the function of ADH is the regulation of —- and in the kidney the release of ADH causes collecting ducts and distal conflated tubule to become —-
it — the reabsorption of water and — the volume of the urine
its also —-

Answer 21

• volume of body fluids
• more water permeable
• increases , decreases
• ant-diuretic ( decreases the discharge of the urine)

Question 22

low levels of ADH leads to —
and it acts on reveptor (v2) on the — of the epithelial cells which causes — to move to the luminal membrane

Answer 22

• high amount of water loss
• increased flow of urin
  -diureis
• basolateral
• aquaporin proteins ( which increases the water uptake )

Question 23

— detects changes in the blood Na+ ion levels and causes — to be released
low amount of Na leads to —- and — in urine flow
alcohol has — effect on ADH while causes —-

Answer 23

• osmoreptors
• ADH
• inhibition of ADH , increase of urine flow
• inhibitory , diurirs

Question 24

.fall in blood volume leads to —-
.high concentration of ADH stimulates the receptor v1 and causes —–

Answer 24

increase in Na secretions
vasoconstriction and increase in blood pressure

Question 25

difficnecy of ADH leads to —- which is the failure of the collecting ducts to reabsorb water leading to —- volume of diluted urine , leads to —- and the most common cause is the damage to —— and the treatment can be lypressin , desmopressin

Answer 25

• diabetes insipidus
• high
• dehydration
• hypothalamus , pituitary

Question 26

— is expressed by the myoepthelial cells of the mammry gland by both — and — of the uterus and the functions are:

Answer 26

• oxytocin
• myometrium and endometrium
• letdown reflex to release milk during breastfeeding aka myoepethelial cells contraction and
• uterine contraction which is important for: cervical dilation before birth, initiation of contractions during 2nd and 3rd stages of labor , assists the uterus for clotting the placenta arrachemnt point postpartum

Question 27

afferent sensory impulse pass through the spinal cord to the — and is released by —
synthetic oxytocin can be used to —

Answer 27

• hypothalamus
• pars nervosa
• induce labor by slow iv infusion

Question 28

— is a hormone for social interaction and is known as the love hormone

Answer 28

oxytocin