Mitosis test one Flashcards
what happens at end of prometaphase
microtubule attaches to unattached sister kinetochore orienting each chromatid to opposite sides
interval between chromosome duplication and beginning of mitosis DNA repair and protein prepared for nuclear division
G2
what does CDK do
activates DNA transcription factors in G1 confirms replication and repair are complete in G2
what is the time frame of G1
9 hours
separation of sister chromatids pulls one towards opposite pole, kinetochore microtubules shorten when chromatid goes near pole
anaphase
what are checkpoints
signals that tell the cell not to move forward in the cell division
where does chromosomes attach to microtubules
kinetochore, located in centromere of chromosome
what is the time frame of mitosis
one hour
cell may grow during this phase, also synthesizes proteins that are essential to the subsequent steps of mitosis itself
G2
what Factor initiates a cell division
CDK cyclin dependent kinase
nulcei are packaged into two separate daughter cells
cytokinesis
due to break down of nucleoli, what production ceases
ribosome
what are the three parts of interphase
G1, synthesis, G2
mitotic spindle begins to form
prometaphase
when does cytokinesis end
after telophase
what period is when chromosomes are neither duplicating nor dividing
G1
where do microtubules come from
centrosome in the cytoplasm
what factors initiate a cell division cycle
time cell size molecular trigger (factor)
what is the time frame of synthesis
5 hours
cell achieves most of its growth by using the info from its genes to make and assemble the materials it needs to function normally
G1
in what stages of interphase do the centrosomes replicate
S and G2
what cycle varies in length more than any other phase of the cell cycle
G1
during synthesis are the sister chromatids joined together
yes
break down of nuclear envelope, allowing microtubules from centrosome to invade nucleus
prometaphase
each chromosome doubles to produce identical sister chromatids that will become visible when the chromosomes condense at beginning of mitosis
synthesis
what is the time frame of G2
3 hours
what is a syncytium
an animal cell with two or more nuclei
centrosomes move apart towards opposite end and become clearly distinguishable as separate entities in the microscope
prophase
spindle fibers disperse nuclear envelope reforms, one or more nuclei reappear uncondense chromatids
telophase
what are the three microtubules that make up the mitotic spindle
kinetochore microtubules polar microtubules astral microtubules
what do you find in the centrosome
centrioles
chromosomes begin to condense
prophase
time when the cell duplicates its genetic material by synthesizing DNA
synthesis
when does cytokinesis start
anaphase
in prometaphase, are both sister chromatids attached to a kinetochore
no just one
forces pulling sister chromatids toward opposite poles are in equilibrium
metaphase
the connection of sister chromatids to opposite spindle poles sets in motion them chromatids to move to center of cell
metaphase
what happens in G0
temporarily paused or terminally differentiated
the darkly stained nucleoli begin to break down and disappear
prophase
are sister chromatids attached at centromere during prophase
yes
how does plant cell division occur
by vesicles depositing cell wall material to form a new cell plate
what phase do you begin to see microtubules outside nucleus
interphase
