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Genetics 2.0 > Chapter four, Test one > Flashcards

Chapter four, Test one Flashcards

1
Q

what is the chromosome theory of inheritance

A

the idea that chromosomes are the carriers of genes

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2
Q

what are chromosomes

A

the self-replicating DNA/Protein complexes in the nucleus that contain genes

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3
Q

what is mitosis

A

the process of division that produces daughter cells that are genetically identical to each other and to the parent cell

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4
Q

what is meiosis

A

produce gametes
1st division: pairs of homologous chromosomes segregate into two different daughter cells
2nd division: chromatids of each homolog segregate into two different daughter cells

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5
Q

what is the n in meiosis one

A

2 n diploid

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6
Q

what is the n in meiosis two

A

1 n haploid

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7
Q

what is a haploid

A

cells carrying only one single set of chromosomes

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8
Q

what is a diploid

A

cells carrying two matching sets

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9
Q

if 2n=46 in humans what is n

A

23

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10
Q

what does n=23 represent in human chromosomes

A

23 pairs of chromosomes

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11
Q

what are sister chromatids

A

the two identical copies of a chromosome that exist immediately after DNA replication

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12
Q

how are sister chromatids held together

A

cohesions

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13
Q

what is a centromere

A

specific location where sister chromatids are held together

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14
Q

does each sister chromatid have its own centromere

A

yes

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15
Q

what is metacentric

A

centromere in center

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16
Q

acrocentric

A

centromere close to one end

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17
Q

what is telocentric

A

centromere is located at terminal end of chromosome

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18
Q

chromosomes are found in what two varieties

A

euchromatin and heterochromatin

19
Q

what does euchromatin mean

A

true, normal chromatin

20
Q

what does heterochromatin mean

A

different chromatin

21
Q

what are satellites in chromosomes

A

the nucleolar organizer region (nucleolus), the site of ribosomal RNA synthesis

22
Q

what are homologous chromosomes

A

2 sister chromosomes that mate in size and shape

23
Q

how many chromosomes in humans are autosomes

A

44

24
Q

what genotype is klinefelter syndrome

A

xxy

25
Q

what genotype is turner syndrome

A

xo

26
Q

what is the primary determination of maleness in humans

A

SRY gene on y chromosome

27
Q

what genes are found on both the x and y chromosome

A

PARs 1 and 2, at the ends of the chromosome

28
Q

where is the SRY gene found

A

on MSY gene region

29
Q

what is the function of the SRY gene

A

activates testes development

secrete hormone that triggers development of male sex organs

30
Q

what is gametogenesis

A

gamete formation

31
Q

what is the names of eggs in female reproduction

A

oogonia, primary oocyte, first polar body/ secondary oocyte, ovum

32
Q

oogonia go through what process to produce a primary oocyte

A

mitosis

33
Q

primary oocyte goes through what process to produce a primary body and a secondary oocyte

A

meiosis one

34
Q

meiosis one and meiosis two in oogenesis is called

A

asymmetrical division

35
Q

the secondary oocyte goes through what process to produce another polar body and ovum

A

meiosis two

36
Q

is an ovum a haploid or diploid

A

haploid

37
Q

how many chromosomes does an ovum carry

A

22 autosomes and one X chromosome

38
Q

first meiosis division occurs when in females

A

at puberty

39
Q

what cycle does a oocyte complete before being fertilized

A

meiosis one and up to metaphase two

40
Q

when does an oocyte go all the way through meiosis two

A

when egg is fertilized

41
Q

what is the production of sperm

A

spermatogonia, primary spermatocytes, secondary spermatocytes, spermatids, sperm

42
Q

are primary spermatocytes haploid or diploid

A

diploid

43
Q

are sperm or spermatids haploid or diploid

A

haploid

Genetics 2.0 (13 decks)

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