Mitosis And Meiosis

Question 1

MITOSIS:

The prophase step of Mitosis involves?

Answer 1

Chromosomes condense
Nuclear membrane dissolves
Nucleoli disappear
Centrioles migrate to opposite ends of the cell 
Spindle Apparatus begins to form

Question 2

MITOSIS:

In the metaphase step of mitosis what occurs?

Answer 2

The chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate

Question 3

MITOSIS:

In the anaphase step of mitosis, what occurs?

Answer 3

Sister chromatids are separated and pulled two opposite poles

Question 4

MITOSIS:

In the telophase step of mitosis, what occurs?

Answer 4

Nuclear membrane reforms
Spindle apparatus disappears
Cytokinesis splits the cytosol and organelles between the two Daughter cells

Question 5

MEIOSIS:

In the prophase 1 step of Meiosis, what occurs?

Answer 5

Chromosomes condense
Nucleoli dissapear
Nuclear membrane dissolves
Centrioles migrate to opposite sides of the cell

However, in meiosis 1, the homologous chromosomes come together and intertwine in what is called a synapse, and crossing over occurs

Question 6

MEIOSIS:

What is a tetrad?

Answer 6

The four chromatids after the synapse.
They must be in this formation for crossing over to occur.
The tetrad forms in prophase 1

Question 7

MEIOSIS:

What occurs in metaphase 1 of mitosis?

Answer 7

Homologous chromosomes line up on opposite sides of the metaphase plate

*different from mitosis metaphase because in mitosis they line up on the metaphase plate

Question 8

MEIOSIS:

What occurs in anaphase 1 of meiosis?

Answer 8

Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.

*accounts for Mendel’s first law (law of segregation)

Question 9

MEIOSIS:

What occurs in telophase 1 of meiosis?

Answer 9

Chromosomes may or may not fully decondense

Cell may enter interkinesis after cytokinesis

Question 10

MEIOSIS:

What occurs in prophase 2 of meiosis?

Answer 10

Nuclear envelop dissolves
Nucleoli disappears
Centrioles migrate to opposite poles
Spindle apparatus disappears

Question 11

MEIOSIS:

What happens in metaphase 2 of meiosis?

Answer 11

During metaphase 2 chromosomes line up on the metaphase plate

Question 12

MEIOSIS:

What occurs in the anaphase 2 stage of meiosis 2?

Answer 12

Centromeres divide, separating the chromosomes into sister chromatids
Chromatids are pulled to opposite poles by spindle fibers

Question 13

MEIOSIS:

What occurs during the telophase 2 phase of meiosis 2?

Answer 13

Nuclear membrane reforms around each new nucleus

Cytokinesis follows and two daughter cells are formed

Question 14

At the completion of Meiosis 2, up to how many new daughter cells can be formed?

Answer 14

Up to 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 15

The term haploid and diploid refer to?

Answer 15

Haploid=1 copy of chromosome (23 chromosomes total). Germ cells
Diploid=2 copies of chromosomes (46 chromosomes total)autosomal cells

Question 16

What are the 4 stages if the cell cycle?

Answer 16

G1
S
G2
M

Question 17

What occurs in the G1 stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 17

Cells create organelles for energy and protein production while increasing in size
Ex. Mitochondria, ribosomes, endoplasmic reticulum

Question 18

What occurs in the S phase of the cell cycle?

Answer 18

Cell replicates it’s genetic material so that each daughter cell will have identical copies

After S phase, the cell will have two identical chromatids bound together by a centromere

Question 19

What occurs during the G2 stage of the cell cycle?

Answer 19

Quality control checkpoint!
Cell checks all synthesized genetic material for errors, and ensures enough organelles and cytoplasm for two daughter cells

Question 20

Sister chromatids are?

Answer 20

Identical copies of each other