Mitosis and meiosis Flashcards
What is mitosis?
Mitosis is the division of cells
What are chromosomes?
Chromosomes are a threadlike structure
What are sister chromatids?
Sister chromosomes Identical copies of chromatids joined together
What are homologous chromosomes?
Homologous chromosomes are 2 chromosomes in a pair 1 inherited from the mother and one from the father
What is a tetrad?
A tetrad is 4 chromosomes or 2 double chromosomes
What is a diploid cell?
A diploid double the amount of chromosomes (somatic, 46)
What is a haploid cell?
A haploid cell has half the amount of chromosomes (gametes, 23)
Somatic/ autosomal cells are ____?
Somatic/ Autosomal cells are not sex cells
Gamete cells are _____?
Gamete cells are sex cells
What is a karyotype?
A karyotype is a picture of all the chromosomes in order of biggest to smallest
What is crossing over?
crossing over is the exchange of genetic information between 2 chromosomes
What is meiosis?
Meiosis is when the cell divides twice
What are the differences between mitosis and meiosis?
mitosis
somatic cells
divides once
genetically identical
diploid (2n)
2 cells
meiosis
sex cells
divides twice
not genetically identical
haploid (n)
4 cells
What are 3 reasons for mitosis?
3 reasons for mitosis are:
1. growth
2. repair
3. reproduction
What are the phases of mitosis?
the 5 stages of mitosis are:
1. prophase
2. metaphase
3. anaphase
4. telophase
5. cytokinesis
What are the stages of interphase?
the stages of interphase are:
G1, S, G2 then mitosis
What happens during interphase?
G1. cell is being a cells
S. DNA is replicating
G2. cell repairs itself
mitosis. cell replication
What does XX represent?
XX represents female
What does XY represent?
XY represents male
How many chromosomes do humans have?
Humans have 23 pairs of chromosomes
What is a pro of genetic variation?
Genetic variation increases survival rate and adds colour/ floral diversity
