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biology 122 > DNA Replication > Flashcards

DNA Replication Flashcards

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1
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid

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2
Q

What is DNA?

A

DNA is a molecule of heredity, it’s like a blueprint/ instructions to guide the cell

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3
Q

What does DNA do?

A

DNA makes proteins and runs the cell’s activities

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4
Q

What are the Nitrogen bases found in DNA?

A

The 4 nitrogen bases in DNA are Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

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5
Q

What does RNA stand for?

A

RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid

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6
Q

What is RNA used for?

A

RNA is needed for copying DNA and making proteins

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7
Q

What is special about RNA? what can it do that DNA can’t?

A

RNA is small enough to leave the nucleus, whereas DNA is too big to leave the nucleus

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8
Q

What are the 3 types of RNA?

A

The 3 types of RNA are
mRNA (message RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)

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9
Q

What are the Nitrogen bases for RNA?

A

The 4 nitrogen bases for RNA is
Uracil (U)
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

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10
Q

What sugar is in DNA?

A

Deoxyribose sugar is found in DNA

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11
Q

What sugar is in RNA?

A

Ribose sugar is found in RNA

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12
Q

What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?

A

DNA
Nitrogen bases- A, T, C, G
Sugar- deoxyribose
Size- Larger
Strands- Double Stranded
Location- In the nucleus
RNA
Nitrogen base- A, U, C, G
Sugar- Ribose
Size- Smaller
Strand- Single stranded
Location- In the nucleus and cytoplasm

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13
Q

Is DNA single stranded or double stranded?

A

DNA is double stranded

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14
Q

Both DNA and RNA can be found in the nucleus, but which one can also be found in the Cytoplasm?

A

RNA can be found in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm

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15
Q

Nitrogen bases can also be referred to as ____?

A

Nitrogen bases can also be referred to as nucleic acid

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16
Q

What is nucleotide made of?

A

A Nucleotide is made of phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base

17
Q

What fuses nitrogen bases together in double stranded DNA?

A

Hydrogen bonds glue together the base paired nitrogen bases

18
Q

What does the “Backbone” refer to?

A

The backbone of DNA refers to the phosphate and sugar in the nucleotide

19
Q

What is another word for a nucleotide?

A

The nucleotide can be referred to as a nucleic acid

20
Q

What is the macromolecule of DNA?

A

Nucleic acid is the Marcomolecule

21
Q

The shape of DNA can be referred to as ___?

A

The shape of DNA can be referred to as a Double helix

22
Q

How is DNA semi-conservative?

A

DNA always keeps one original strand of DNA during replication

23
Q

What is the purpose of DNA replication?

A

The purpose of DNA replication is for cell division, in cell division we need 2 cells with identical genetic information. It’s also used for growth, repair and tissue replacements

24
Q

Who is Watson, crick and Franklin? What was their roll in DNA?

A

Watson crick and Franklin discovered DNA structure

25
Q

Who won the Nobel prize for the discovery of DNA? why didn’t franklin receive anything?

A

Watson and crick were awarded with the Nobel prize from using Franklin’s information, but she wasn’t awarded because she died from cancer cause by her research in X-rays

26
Q

What is the chargaff’s rule (base pairing)?

A

Base pairing means
A binds with T
C Binds with G

27
Q

Why is base pairing so specific?

A

Base pairing has to be specific to ensure identical copies of DNA after replication

28
Q

What is the process of DNA replication?

A

The process of DNA replication is:
Initiation- unzipping
Topoisomerase prevents super coiling
Helicase separates double helix
Binding protein prevent rejoining
(Results 2 single stranded chromosomes)
Elongation- duplication
Leading strand: DNA polymerase adds base pair
Lagging strand: RNA primer is added, then DNA polymerase goes over RNA primer in Okazaki fragments, then ligase glued Okazaki fragments
Termination- verification
Primers are removed
DNA polymerase proofreads and fixes mistakes
(Results 2 identical copies of DNA)

29
Q

What direction does replication occur in?

A

DNA is replicated in the 5’ to 3’ direction

biology 122 (11 decks)

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