DNA Replication Flashcards
What does DNA stand for?
DNA stands for DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
What is DNA?
DNA is a molecule of heredity, it’s like a blueprint/ instructions to guide the cell
What does DNA do?
DNA makes proteins and runs the cell’s activities
What are the Nitrogen bases found in DNA?
The 4 nitrogen bases in DNA are Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
What does RNA stand for?
RNA stands for RiboNucleic Acid
What is RNA used for?
RNA is needed for copying DNA and making proteins
What is special about RNA? what can it do that DNA can’t?
RNA is small enough to leave the nucleus, whereas DNA is too big to leave the nucleus
What are the 3 types of RNA?
The 3 types of RNA are
mRNA (message RNA)
tRNA (transfer RNA)
rRNA (ribosomal RNA)
What are the Nitrogen bases for RNA?
The 4 nitrogen bases for RNA is
Uracil (U)
Adenine (A)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)
What sugar is in DNA?
Deoxyribose sugar is found in DNA
What sugar is in RNA?
Ribose sugar is found in RNA
What are 3 differences between DNA and RNA?
DNA
Nitrogen bases- A, T, C, G
Sugar- deoxyribose
Size- Larger
Strands- Double Stranded
Location- In the nucleus
RNA
Nitrogen base- A, U, C, G
Sugar- Ribose
Size- Smaller
Strand- Single stranded
Location- In the nucleus and cytoplasm
Is DNA single stranded or double stranded?
DNA is double stranded
Both DNA and RNA can be found in the nucleus, but which one can also be found in the Cytoplasm?
RNA can be found in the nucleus as well as the cytoplasm
Nitrogen bases can also be referred to as ____?
Nitrogen bases can also be referred to as nucleic acid
What is nucleotide made of?
A Nucleotide is made of phosphate, sugar and nitrogen base
What fuses nitrogen bases together in double stranded DNA?
Hydrogen bonds glue together the base paired nitrogen bases
What does the “Backbone” refer to?
The backbone of DNA refers to the phosphate and sugar in the nucleotide
What is another word for a nucleotide?
The nucleotide can be referred to as a nucleic acid
What is the macromolecule of DNA?
Nucleic acid is the Marcomolecule
The shape of DNA can be referred to as ___?
The shape of DNA can be referred to as a Double helix
How is DNA semi-conservative?
DNA always keeps one original strand of DNA during replication
What is the purpose of DNA replication?
The purpose of DNA replication is for cell division, in cell division we need 2 cells with identical genetic information. It’s also used for growth, repair and tissue replacements
Who is Watson, crick and Franklin? What was their roll in DNA?
Watson crick and Franklin discovered DNA structure
Who won the Nobel prize for the discovery of DNA? why didn’t franklin receive anything?
Watson and crick were awarded with the Nobel prize from using Franklin’s information, but she wasn’t awarded because she died from cancer cause by her research in X-rays
What is the chargaff’s rule (base pairing)?
Base pairing means
A binds with T
C Binds with G
Why is base pairing so specific?
Base pairing has to be specific to ensure identical copies of DNA after replication
What is the process of DNA replication?
The process of DNA replication is:
Initiation- unzipping
Topoisomerase prevents super coiling
Helicase separates double helix
Binding protein prevent rejoining
(Results 2 single stranded chromosomes)
Elongation- duplication
Leading strand: DNA polymerase adds base pair
Lagging strand: RNA primer is added, then DNA polymerase goes over RNA primer in Okazaki fragments, then ligase glued Okazaki fragments
Termination- verification
Primers are removed
DNA polymerase proofreads and fixes mistakes
(Results 2 identical copies of DNA)
What direction does replication occur in?
DNA is replicated in the 5’ to 3’ direction
