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biology 122 > genetic engeneering > Flashcards

genetic engeneering Flashcards

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1
Q

What is genetic engineering?

A

Genetic Engineering is genetically modifying an organism

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2
Q

What does GMO stand for?

A

GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism

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3
Q

What is a designer animal or designer babies?

A

Its an animal or baby breed specifically to avoid inherited traits or have certain traits

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4
Q

what are the 4 application to genetic engineering?

A
  1. Genetically mutating crops
  2. gene therapy
  3. medical applications
  4. selective breeding
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5
Q

What’s an example of genetic mutations of crops?

A

Pest resistance/ feeding growing populations of people

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6
Q

What’s an example of gene therapy?

A

It can treat genetic disorders/ inherited condition, it can repair or replace defective or missing genes

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7
Q

What’s an example of medical applications?

A

Producing insulin for diabetes or cancer treatments

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8
Q

What’s an example of selective breeding?

A

Disease resistance due to specific breeding

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9
Q

Define Hybridization

A

Hybridization is crossing 2 un alike organism to make a new line of organisms

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10
Q

Define Inbreeding

A

inbreeding is purebred breeding for similar characteristics

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11
Q

Define Recombinant DNA

A

Recombinant DNA Combines 2 molecules of DNA from different sources

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12
Q

Define Genetic Markers

A

Genetic Markers are Marks on bacteria so you can find the same cell again

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13
Q

Define Transgenetic

A

Inserted genes from 1 organism to another cell

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14
Q

What technique is the GMO (Genetically Modified organism) and what is an example?

A

GMO alters DNA by inserting DNA into Genomes of another organism Example: Corn

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15
Q

What Techniques is cell transformation and What is an example?

A

Cell Transformation takes DNA from outside the cell. Example makes copies of DNA

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16
Q

What technique is Gel Electrophoresis and What is an example?

A

Gel Electrophoresis is used to separate DNA. Example: Crime scene investigations

17
Q

What Technique is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and What is an example?

A

PCR makes copies of DNA biologist need to study. Example: genotyping, cloning and mutation detection.

18
Q

What Technique is CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and What is an example?

A

CRISPR is genome editing it alters DNA by shuting off DNA genes. Example: Cell/ gene therapy used to modify DNA sequences

19
Q

What technique is Restrictive Enzymes and What is an example?

A

Restrictive Enzymes cut DNA at specific points/ sequences of a nucleotide. Example: Used for finger print DNA

20
Q

What technique is Plasmids and What is an example?

A

Plasmids are circular double stranded DNA molecules used for gene replication. Example: Vectors for cloning and manipulating genes

21
Q

What technique is Stem Cells and What is an example?

A

Stem cells don’t have a job they don’t know what they want to be. Example: Cancer treatment

22
Q

What technique is Cloning and What is an example?

A

Creates identical copies of a cell from a single cell. Example: Animal DNA cloning

23
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of GMO ?

A

Advantage: Increasing food quality
Disadvantage: Allergic reactions

24
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of Cell Transformation ?

A

Advantage: provides genetic diversity
Disadvantage: bacteria could cause health problems

25
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of Gel Electrophoresis ?

A

Advantage: enables separation and analysis of charged molecules
Disadvantage: Electrical shock and burns

26
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of PCR ?

A

Advantage: it allows rapid production of DNA
Disadvantage: false positive

27
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of CRISPR ?

A

Advantage: allows scientists to quickly create cell & animal models
Disadvantage:

28
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of Restrictive Enzymes ?

A

Advantage: offers precise cut through double stranded DNA
Disadvantage: may cause irritation

29
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of Plasmids ?

A

Advantage: it produces glowing proteins, allowing easy tracking
Disadvantage: its very small resulting in potential loss of plasmids

30
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of Stem Cells ?

A

Advantage: treats stargardts and leukemia
Disadvantage: infections

31
Q

What is an advantage and disadvantage of Cloning ?

A

Advantage: genetically identical organisms
Disadvantage: identical health conditions

biology 122 (11 decks)

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