genetic engeneering Flashcards
What is genetic engineering?
Genetic Engineering is genetically modifying an organism
What does GMO stand for?
GMO stands for Genetically Modified Organism
What is a designer animal or designer babies?
Its an animal or baby breed specifically to avoid inherited traits or have certain traits
what are the 4 application to genetic engineering?
- Genetically mutating crops
- gene therapy
- medical applications
- selective breeding
What’s an example of genetic mutations of crops?
Pest resistance/ feeding growing populations of people
What’s an example of gene therapy?
It can treat genetic disorders/ inherited condition, it can repair or replace defective or missing genes
What’s an example of medical applications?
Producing insulin for diabetes or cancer treatments
What’s an example of selective breeding?
Disease resistance due to specific breeding
Define Hybridization
Hybridization is crossing 2 un alike organism to make a new line of organisms
Define Inbreeding
inbreeding is purebred breeding for similar characteristics
Define Recombinant DNA
Recombinant DNA Combines 2 molecules of DNA from different sources
Define Genetic Markers
Genetic Markers are Marks on bacteria so you can find the same cell again
Define Transgenetic
Inserted genes from 1 organism to another cell
What technique is the GMO (Genetically Modified organism) and what is an example?
GMO alters DNA by inserting DNA into Genomes of another organism Example: Corn
What Techniques is cell transformation and What is an example?
Cell Transformation takes DNA from outside the cell. Example makes copies of DNA
What technique is Gel Electrophoresis and What is an example?
Gel Electrophoresis is used to separate DNA. Example: Crime scene investigations
What Technique is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) and What is an example?
PCR makes copies of DNA biologist need to study. Example: genotyping, cloning and mutation detection.
What Technique is CRISPR (Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats) and What is an example?
CRISPR is genome editing it alters DNA by shuting off DNA genes. Example: Cell/ gene therapy used to modify DNA sequences
What technique is Restrictive Enzymes and What is an example?
Restrictive Enzymes cut DNA at specific points/ sequences of a nucleotide. Example: Used for finger print DNA
What technique is Plasmids and What is an example?
Plasmids are circular double stranded DNA molecules used for gene replication. Example: Vectors for cloning and manipulating genes
What technique is Stem Cells and What is an example?
Stem cells don’t have a job they don’t know what they want to be. Example: Cancer treatment
What technique is Cloning and What is an example?
Creates identical copies of a cell from a single cell. Example: Animal DNA cloning
What is an advantage and disadvantage of GMO ?
Advantage: Increasing food quality
Disadvantage: Allergic reactions
What is an advantage and disadvantage of Cell Transformation ?
Advantage: provides genetic diversity
Disadvantage: bacteria could cause health problems
What is an advantage and disadvantage of Gel Electrophoresis ?
Advantage: enables separation and analysis of charged molecules
Disadvantage: Electrical shock and burns
What is an advantage and disadvantage of PCR ?
Advantage: it allows rapid production of DNA
Disadvantage: false positive
What is an advantage and disadvantage of CRISPR ?
Advantage: allows scientists to quickly create cell & animal models
Disadvantage:
What is an advantage and disadvantage of Restrictive Enzymes ?
Advantage: offers precise cut through double stranded DNA
Disadvantage: may cause irritation
What is an advantage and disadvantage of Plasmids ?
Advantage: it produces glowing proteins, allowing easy tracking
Disadvantage: its very small resulting in potential loss of plasmids
What is an advantage and disadvantage of Stem Cells ?
Advantage: treats stargardts and leukemia
Disadvantage: infections
What is an advantage and disadvantage of Cloning ?
Advantage: genetically identical organisms
Disadvantage: identical health conditions
