evolution

Question 1

What is evolution?

Answer 1

Evolution is a gradual change over time

Question 2

Define Theory:

Answer 2

Theory is a way to explain something based on observations

Question 3

Define Fossil:

Answer 3

The impression of a pre-historic organism

Question 4

How do we account for the diversity of life?

Answer 4

Diversity of life is account for by the collection of scientific facts, observations & hypothesises

Question 5

What is the theory of natural selection?

Answer 5

Genetics are selected based based on their ability to adapt to the environment

Question 6

Who is Darwin?

Answer 6

Darwin was the main scientist to discover evolution

Question 7

How did Darwin determine the idea of evolution? What did he do, and how did he discover evolution?

Answer 7

Darwin went on a 5 year trip to the Galapagos islands on the HSM beagle to study the wildlife there. While there he saw the same animal in different habitats and realised how they adapted to their environment. He also believed that all living organism decent from 1 common ancestor

Question 8

Who are Hutton and Lyell?

Answer 8

Hutton and Lyell are geography scientists

Question 9

What did Hutton and Lyell add to the theory of evolution?

Answer 9

They reconized that the earth has changed over time, so why can’t life?

Question 10

How did Hutton and Lyell study differently? what did they each study?

Answer 10

Hutton studied mountains and vallies, how rocks shift to create mountains
Lyell studies volcanoes and erosion

Question 11

What did Lamarck think about evolution that was false?

Answer 11

He thought you acquired a trait, if you used something more it would grown and then get passed down to offspring, however f you didn’t use it you’d lose the ability. “use it or lose it”

Question 12

What does “inherence of acquired traits” mean?

Answer 12

It means you acquire a trait and then pass it down to your offspring (which is false)

Question 13

What does “use and disuse” mean?

Answer 13

To use or disuse means if and organism can alter its shape or size by using it (this is false)

Question 14

What does “tendency towards perfection” mean?

Answer 14

Tendency towards perfection means all organisms want complexity and perfection (leading to continuous change)

Question 15

What did Malthus believe?

Answer 15

Malthus believe that sooner or later there won’t be enough space or food for everyone

Question 16

What are the 5 evidences of evolution?

Answer 16

1. fossils - illustrates frozen in time organisms and their changes
2. anatomical structures - similar structures and similar uses
3. selective bredding - selecting desirable traits for breeding
4. biochemical - all organisms have DNA
5. embryological - similar vertebrates during early development

Question 17

What are Fossil preservation methods?

Answer 17

1. frozen in ice
2. imprints (footprints)
3. preserved in amber, tar, peat or pertrification

Question 18

What are the 3 anatomical structure types?

Answer 18

1. Divergent
2. Covergent
3. Vestigial

Question 19

What is divergent?

Answer 19

Divergent is similar structure different uses

Question 20

What is covergent?

Answer 20

covergent is different structure similar uses

Question 21

What is vestigial?

Answer 21

vestigial is when and organism has a structure they no longer need

Question 22

What are 3 natural selection & adaption facts?

Answer 22

1. populations produce more than the environment can support
2. there’s a struggle for survival (some live and some die)
3. survival of the fittest - better adapted pass on characteristics

Question 23

What is antibiotic resistance?

Answer 23

antibiotic resistance is when a gene gives resistance to an antibiotic

Question 24

What are other environmental changes?

Answer 24

1. Different finch beaks
2. Pepper moth colours