Mitosis Flashcards
mitosis (nuclear division ) follows what
Follows interphase
Referred to as the .M phase
The M refers to what
mitosis
Cell growth ………. during the M phase
stops
Mitosis is the process of
nuclear division by which two genetically identical daughter nuclei are produced that are also genetically identical to the parent nucleus
The process of mitosis is of great biological significance and is fundamental to many biological processes such as :
Growth of multicellular organisms
Asexual reproduction
Replacement of cells & repair of tissues
The two daughter cells produced are genetically identical to one another (clones) and have the same number of chromosomes as the parent cell
This enables unicellular zygotes(fertilised egg cell) (as the zygote divides by mitosis) to
grow into multicellular organisms
Growth may occur across the whole body of the organism or be confined to certain regions, such as what……………. in plants
in the meristems (growing points) of plants
Damaged tissues can be repaired by mitosis followed by cell division
As cells are constantly dying they need to be
continually replaced by genetically identical cells
In humans, for example, cell replacement occurs particularly rapidly in the
skin and the lining of the gut
Some animals can regenerate body parts, for example, zebrafish can regenerate fins and axolotls regenerate legs and their tail amongst other parts
Asexual reproduction is the production of
new individuals of a species by a single parent organism – the offspring are genetically identical to the parent
For unicellular organisms such as Amoeba, cell division results in the reproduction of a genetically identical offspring
For multicellular organisms (as seen with many plant species) new individuals grow from the parent organism (by cell division) and then……………….
and examples
detach (‘bud off’) from the parent in different ways. Some examples of these are budding in Hydra and yeast and runners from strawberries
