Hybridoma method to make antibodies

Question 1

step 1 is A mouse (or another mammal) is ………………….

The antigen may be a vaccine, and it may be injected several times. This causes an ………………. which triggers

Answer 1

injected with antigen

immune response in the mouse i.e. corresponding antibodies are produced by B cells.

Question 2

step 2 Spleen cells which are …………………………. The spleen produces ……………… which are responsible for the antibody production. These spleen cells are removed from the mouse via a …………………….

Answer 2

for producing the lymphocytes are removed from the animal

B cells which are responsible for the antibody production.

small operation

Question 3

step 3 The spleen cells are fused with tumour cells to form …………….

The mouse’s spleen cells are fused with myeloma cells (…………………….), forming hybridoma cells.

Answer 3

hybridoma cells

cancerous white blood cells from humans

Question 4

step 4 The hybridoma cells continuously produce ………….. These hybridoma cells have both the properties of the lymphocytes and tumour cells i.e. they are able to ……………………… These cells are …………………………..

Answer 4

monoclonal antibodies

divide indefinitely and produce many monoclonal antibodies

checked and grown in culture

Question 5

The monoclonal antibodies are

Answer 5

harvested. The monoclonal antibodies produced by the hybridoma cells can be separated and harvested for further use.