mitochondrial content Flashcards
what is the benefit of higher mito density
way less metabolite accumulation
lower blood lactate after exercise
how does mito density change with training
increases with progressive workloadsw
what occurs with increased volume of protein complexes
reflects increased mito density
increased oxidative enzyme levels
what are the 3 things that change when skeletal muscles adapt to training
mito
substrate utilisation
lactate production
how does substrate utilisation change with training (same absolute workload)
increased fat utilisation
decreased carb utilisation
- using fat for energy = postpone glycogen depletion
how does lactate production change with training
reduced production (less carbs used)
improved threshold
can produce higher PO at same lactate production level
how does fuel use change with training
lower [ADP], [AMP], and [epi] reduces activation of PHOS and PFK enzymes
- shows that there is enough ATP
what occurs with detraining on mito content
large drop (almost 50% of what was built)
what occurs with retraining on mito content
faster to build back mito level compared to how long it took during original training
what type of exercise is needed to increase mito content and why
heavy or severe domain
- need metabolic stress to increase mito content
how much training to increase mito content
5-6 weeks of training (with metabolic stress inducing exercise)
what is the effect of exercise on blood glucose
lowers levels and it is maintained for almost 24 hours
can control blood sugar with exercise in T2D
what is the process of glucose uptake at REST
extra glucose is converted to glycogen
body doesn’t need glucose/ATP at rest
GLUT4 - very few at the cell membrane
GLUT1 - on membrane but very weak
some glucose is inside the cell, goes through HK and is converted to G6P and glycogen
what is the process of glucose uptake during EARLY exercise
GLYCOGEN USED HERE
- vasodilation = more glucose delivered through the blood
translocation of GLUT 4 due to muscle contraction
- increased GLUT4 on the membrane
- facilitates glucose influx but since glycogen is broken down, there is less demand on plasma glucose
G6P provided by glycogen in order to convert to pyruvate
what is the process of glucose uptake during LATE exercise
GLUCOSE USED HERE
- GLUT4 remain on cell membrane for hours after exercise
- keep transporting glucose for replenishment of glycogen
- glycogen delepted during early exercise
- helps reduce the necessity of insulin secretion - preventing insulin release
