energy transfer in the body

Question 1

what is ATP

Answer 1

currency of the cell
- body doesn’t produce energy, it does through the resynthesis of ATP

Question 2

how much energy is released during break down from ATP to ADP

Answer 2

7.3 kcal free energy + Pi
(bond between 2nd and 3rd phosphate)

Question 3

how much energy is released during break down from ADP to AMP

Answer 3

10.3 kcal free energy + Pi
(bond between 2nd and 1st phosphate)

Question 4

what is the main function of enzymes

Answer 4

reduce actviation energy of reactions
(less energy required to initiate the reaction)

Question 5

how do enzymes increase reaction rates

Answer 5

• reduce activation energy
• lower activation rates = more reactions can occur (more efficient)
• level of enzymes increase during exercise

Question 6

what are the important properties of enzymes

Answer 6

• don’t cause the reaction (only facilitate)
• don’t change energy yield of reaction (energy produced stays the same)
• aren’t consumed, converted, or changed during reaction (reusable)
• are sensitive to pH and temp

Question 7

what is the lock and key hypothesis

Answer 7

substrate fits into the active site of the enzyme like a lock and key
(highly specific)
- enzymes have intricate structure of proteins that facilitate the reaction

Question 8

what is a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 8

decomposition reaction with water
catabolise / degrade complex molecules

Question 9

what occurs during a hydrolysis reaction

Answer 9

molecule of water is added to a substance so both the substance and the water are split into two parts

Question 10

what is the relation between hydrolysis and ATP

Answer 10

the breakdown of ATP is hydrolysis

ATP is hydrolysed into ADP + Pi and the prcocess uses water

Question 11

what is a condensation reaction

Answer 11

reaction produces water
two molecules combine to build a single larger molecule with the loss of water

Question 12

what is a redox reaction

Answer 12

oxidation and reduction can’t exist without the other
happens in the mitochondria (often involves enzymes)
one compound loses electron and one compound gains electron

Question 13

what is OIL RIG

Answer 13

oxidation = lose e-
reduction = gain e-

Question 14

what % of ATP is used in muscle cells through myosin ATPase

Answer 14

~75%
breaking actin myosin cross bridges

Question 15

what % of ATP is used in muscle cells through sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum ATP

Answer 15

~20%
calcium withdrawal / reutake following contraction

Question 16

what % of ATP is used in muscle cells through Na+/K+ ATPase

Answer 16

~5%
moving Na+ and K+ in and out of the cell