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Anti-Infectives > Miscellaneous Facts > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Facts Flashcards

1
Q

drugs with pregnancy category B

A 
penicilin G
cefazolin
erythromycin
nitrofurantoin
amphotericin B deoxycholate
nystatin
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2
Q

drugs with pregnancy category C

A

vancomycin
cipro
TMP-SMZ
fluconazole

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3
Q

drugs with pregnancy category D

A

tetracycline

gentamicin

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4
Q

antifungals

A

nystatin
fluconzaole
amphotericin B

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5
Q

urinary antiseptics

A

nitrofurantoin

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole TMP-SMZ

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6
Q

fluoroquinolones

A

Ciprofloxacin DNA replication

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7
Q

aminoglycosides

A

gentamicin

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8
Q

macrolide

A

erythromycin

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9
Q

bacterial cell wall inhibitors

A

vancomycin
carbapenems
cefazolin
penicillin G

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10
Q

bacterial protein synthesis inhibitors

A

gentamicin
erythromycin
tetracycline

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11
Q

black box warning: red man syndrome, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

A

vancomycin

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12
Q

black box warning: discoloration of the teeth

A

tetracycline

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13
Q

black box warning: cardiotoxicity w/ risk for torsades de pointes

A

erythromycin

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14
Q

black box warning: ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

A

gentamicin

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15
Q

black box warning: tendonitis and tendon rupture

A

Cipro

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16
Q

black box warning: Stevens-Johnson syndrome

A

trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole TMP-SMZ, fluconazole

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17
Q

black box warning: cardiac arrest, ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity

A

amphotericin B and gentamicin/vancomycin for oto and nephro only

18
Q

anti-infective drug classes that antagonize or inhibit penicillin

A

aminoglycosides and tetracyclines

19
Q

increases anticoagulant effect of warfarin

A

cefazolin, tetracycline, erythromycin, Cipro, fluconazole

20
Q

food can reduce absorption by 50%

A

tetracyclines

21
Q

administer w/ full glass of water on empty stomach

A

tetracycline, Cipro, erythromycin (unless enteric coated), TMP-SMZ (might be ok w/ food)

22
Q

avoid use w/ fluconazole and grapefruit juice

A

erythromycin

23
Q

don’t give immediately before sleep

A

tetracyline

24
Q

hearing loss, vertigo and dizziness

A

erythromycin

25
Q

narrow spectrum for serious systemic gram-negative infections given parenterally

A

aminoglycosides (but also some gram-positive MRSA in gentamicin)

26
Q

broad spectrum usually PO

A

tetracycline

27
Q

photosensitivity

A

gentamicin, tetracycline, Cipro, TMP-SMZ

28
Q

no antacids, calcium supplements, iron products or laxatives w/ magnesium

A

tetracycline

29
Q

3 ways drugs block bacterial DNA replication

A

1) inhibit synthesis of precursor bases 2) interact w/ or bind to DNA, preventing uncoiling 3)bind to enzymes of replication, stopping formation of new strand

30
Q

cartilage, GI, cardio, CNS, photo and hepato toxic

A

Cipro

31
Q

avoid with caffeine, antacids, magnesium, aluminum, iron or zinc sulfate, sucralfate and calcium-fortified juices

A

cipro

32
Q

may enhance effects of oral anticoagulants

A

TMP-SMZ

33
Q

avoid w/ fluoroquinolones and antacids w/ magnesium

A

Nitrofurantoin

34
Q

pulmonary toxicity

A

Nitrofurantoin

35
Q

5 mechanisms of action for antifungals

A

1) inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis 2) disruption of membrane integrity (3) disruption of microtubule formation 4) inhibition of glucan synthesis 5) inhibition of ergosterol synthesis

36
Q

polyene drug class

A

Amphotericin B, Nystatin

37
Q

don’t use if BUN > 40 mg/dL or creatinine > 3 mg/dL

A

Amphotericin B

38
Q

hypokalemia a common problem

A

amphotericin B

39
Q

nausea and vomiting in 10 to 20% of patients administered PO

A

fluconazole

40
Q

bind to sterols in fungal cell membrane

A

nystatin

41
Q

premedicate w/ antipyretics, antihistamines, antiemetics and corticosteroids

A

amphotericin B

42
Q

give with food or milk

A

nitrofurantoin

Anti-Infectives (15 decks)

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