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Pharmacology > Miscellaneous Drugs > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Aspirine (Acetylsalicylic acid)

A

Nonselctive, irreversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2

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2
Q

Levalbuterol

A

Short acting beta-2 agonist

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3
Q

Sulfsalazine

A

Anti-inflammatory: 5-aminosalicyclic acid and sulfapyridine

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4
Q

Warfarin and Pregnancy

A

Use heparin instead. Fetal death is common

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5
Q

Desloratadine

A

Second Gen Antihistamine

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6
Q

Metoclopramide

A

Prokinetic Agent. D2 antagonistic Ach release.

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7
Q

Diphenhydramine

A

First Gen Antihistamine

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8
Q

Zileuton

A

Leukotriene Inhibitors. Inhibits 5-lipooxygenase (leukotriene synthesis).

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9
Q

Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)

A

First Gen Antihistamine

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10
Q

Simethicone (gasX)

A

Coats gas and dissipates it

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11
Q

Asthma step wise therapy

A

1.) rescue inhaler: beta 2 agonist 2.) inhaled steroid (cromolyn for children) 3.) Leukotriene inhibitor 4.) Long acting beta agonist or another bronchodilator (ipratropium) Add oral steroid whenever needed

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12
Q

Indacaterol

A

Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.

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13
Q

Rabeprazole

A

PPI

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14
Q

Naproxen

A

NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2

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15
Q

Phenytoin and pregnancy

A

Fetal hydantoin syndrome: growth retardation, mental deficiencies, abnormal genitalia, cardiac abnormalities. Most anticonvulsans are associated with these problems.

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16
Q

Prophylactic Migraine Drugs

A

Beta-blockers (propranolol), CCB (verapamil), Antidepressants (amitriptyline, fluoxetine), Clonidine, valproic acid, topiramate, botox, angiotensin II receptor blocker.

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17
Q

Certirizine

A

Second Gen Antihistamine

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18
Q

Lansoprazole

A

PPI

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19
Q

Bisacodyl

A

Laxative. Mucosal Agent.

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20
Q

Sucralfate

A

Cytoprotective. Polymerizes to provide a protective barrier cells in ulcers base

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21
Q

Certrolizumab

A

DMARD. TNFalpha binder. Human IgG1.

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22
Q

Mycophenolate mofetil (cellcept)

A

DMARD. Inhibits lymphocyte purine synthesis

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23
Q

Tofacitinib

A

DMARD. Inhibits JAK1 and JAK3. Used for Ra that is intolerant to methotrexate.

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24
Q

Golimumab

A

DMARD. TNFalpha binder. Human IgG1.

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25
Q

Infliximab (remicade)

A

DMARD. TNFalpha binder. Chimeric monoclonal antibody. Crohn’s and RA.

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26
Q

Promethazine

A

Blocks DA, Muscarinic, and histamine receptors. Anti-nausea. Works for motion sickness.

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27
Q

Sorbitol/mannitol/sucralose

A

Osmotic Laxative

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28
Q

Dihydroergotamine

A

Act on 5HT receptors (less specific than sumatriptan). Symptomatic treatment for migrianes.

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29
Q

Etanercept (Enbrel)

A

DMARD. Binds p75 of TNF receptor to inhibit TNF.

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30
Q

Formoterol/mometasone

A

Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.

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31
Q

Levocentrizine

A

Second Gen Antihistamine

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32
Q

Salmeterol/fluticisone

A

Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.

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33
Q

Prochlorperazine

A

Blocks DA, Muscarinic, and histamine receptors. Anti-nausea. Works for motion sickness.

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34
Q

Ketorolac

A

NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2

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35
Q

Cromoyln Sodium

A

Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells

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36
Q

Omalizumab

A

Monoclonal antibody to IgE to prevent binding of IgE to cells of the allergic response.

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37
Q

Azelastine

A

Antihistamine that decreases histamine release and blocks receptors

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38
Q

Bethanechol

A

Prokinetic Agent. Muscarinic antagonist.

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39
Q

Erythromycin

A

Prokinetic Agent. Used in DM gastroparesis.

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40
Q

Adalimumab (humira)

A

DMARD. TNFalpha binder. Human IgG1. Monotherapy for RA

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41
Q

Celecoxib

A

NSAID. Selective, reversible inhibitor of COX2

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42
Q

Hydroxychloroquine

A

DMARD. Antihistamine, anticholinesterase, antiprotease.

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43
Q

Sumatriptan and all “triptan”s

A

5HT1D agonist on small peripheral nerves. Suppresses release of sensory neuropeptides. Symptomatic treatment of migraines.

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44
Q

Ondansetron

A

5HT3 antagonist. Anti-nausea. Not for Motion Sickness.

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45
Q

Polyethylene glycol

A

Osmotic Laxative

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46
Q

Indomethacin

A

NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2. Primary NSAID used for acute gout attack.

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47
Q

Loperamine (imodium)

A

Opiod anti-diarrhea

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48
Q

Tiotripium

A

Muscarinic antagonist. DOC for COPD.

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49
Q

Magnesium Hydroxide

A

Antacids and osmotic laxative.

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50
Q

Ranitidine

A

H2 Antagonist

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51
Q

Docusate

A

Laxative. Lubricant/softener.

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52
Q

Aprepitant

A

NK2 antagonist

53
Q

Nonacetylated Salicylates

A

Salicylic acid is the active form. No irreversible COX inhibition.

54
Q

Phenylbutazone

A

NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2

55
Q

Hydrozyzine

A

First Gen Antihistamine

56
Q

Ipratropium

A

Muscarinic antagonist. DOC for COPD

57
Q

Febuxastat (Uloric)

A

Inhibit xanthine oxidase enzyme. Chronic gout.

58
Q

Sex Hormones and pregnancy

A

VACTERL: Vertebral, anal problems, cardiac defects, renal and limb issues.

59
Q

Budesonide

A

Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.

60
Q

Gold Salts

A

DMARD. Suppresses cellular immunity.

61
Q

Diohenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil)

A

Opiod anti-diarrhea

62
Q

Loratadine

A

Second Gen Antihistamine

63
Q

Allopurinol

A

Inhibit xanthine oxidase enzyme. Chronic gout.

64
Q

Albuterol

A

Short acting beta-2 agonist

65
Q

Drug Commonly used in Pregnancy

A

Valcyclovir, HIV drugs, acetominophen, NSAIDs, opiods, cephalosporins, penicillin, erythromycin, phenotiazines, corticosteroids, thyroid hormones, folic acid.

66
Q

Leflunomide (arava)

A

DMARD. Inhibits DHODH to inhibit the induction of COX2.

67
Q

Arformoterol

A

Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.

68
Q

Sulfasalazine

A

DMARD. Used for IBD and RA.

69
Q

Pegioticase

A

Mammalian urate oxidase

70
Q

Senna

A

Laxative. Mucosal Agent.

71
Q

Abatacept

A

DMARD. Second signal blocker of T cell activation. Distrubs key mechanism of inflammation and joint destruction in RA.

72
Q

Nizatidine

A

H2 Antagonist

73
Q

Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)

A

Absorbs water and pathogens. Salicylate=anti-inflammatory.

74
Q

Rituximab

A

DMARD. Binds CD20 on B cells. Used for NHL, and other B cell malignancies.

75
Q

Isoproterenol

A

Nonspecific beta agonist

76
Q

Pranlukast

A

Leukotriene Inhibitors

77
Q

Alcohol and Pregnancy

A

Microcephaly, low ears, flat face, smaller brain.

78
Q

Granisetron

A

5HT3 antagonist. Anti-nausea. Not for Motion Sickness.

79
Q

Thalidomide and Pregnancy

A

Damages DNA through oxidative stress leading to limb deformities. Was used commonly to combat nausea.

80
Q

Nedcromil

A

Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells

81
Q

Promethazine

A

First Gen Antihistamine

82
Q

Dronabinol/Nabilone

A

Cannabinoid. Good for chemo induced N/V.

83
Q

Alosertron

A

IBS with severe diarrhea in women. 5HT3 receptor antagonist.

84
Q

Flunisolide

A

Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.

85
Q

Piroxicam

A

NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2

86
Q

Mineral Oil

A

Laxative. Lubricant/softener.

87
Q

Omeprazole

A

PPI

88
Q

Vilanterol fluticasone

A

Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.

89
Q

Tocilizumab

A

DMARD. IL-6 receptor inhibiting antibody.

90
Q

Drugs Contraindicated in pregnancy

A

Statins, flurazepam, temazepam, warfarin, ergots, misoprostol, thalidomide, methotrexate, sex hormones, ribavarin, leflunomide, isotretinoin, ethanol, radioactive compounds.

91
Q

Famotidine

A

H2 Antagonist

92
Q

Probenecid

A

Uricosuric agent. Blocks the active reabsorption of uric acid. Chronic treatment of gout.

93
Q

Esomeprazole

A

PPI

94
Q

Montelukast

A

Leukotriene Inhibitors

95
Q

Isotrentinoin and pregnancy

A

Causes structural malformation and functional impairment. Used to treat acne. SINGLE DOSE is teratogenic!

96
Q

Diflunisal

A

Salicylic acid derivative but not metabolized to salicylic acid

97
Q

Diethylstillbestrol (DES) and pregnancy

A

Was used to prevent abortion and premature labor

98
Q

Cimetidine

A

H2 Antagonist

99
Q

Zafirlukast

A

Leukotriene Inhibitors

100
Q

Sodium Bicarb

A

Antacids

101
Q

Acetaminophen

A

Possible only blocks COX in the brain. Less Side Effects than aspirin.

102
Q

Olodaterol

A

Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.

103
Q

Sodium Salts

A

Osmotic Laxative

104
Q

Diclofenac

A

NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2

105
Q

Rasburicase

A

Recombinant form of urate oxidase (metabolizes uric acid to allantoin). Chronic gout.

106
Q

Pirobuterol

A

Short acting beta-2 agonist

107
Q

Glycerin

A

Laxative. Lubricant/softener.

108
Q

Fluticasone

A

Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.

109
Q

Metaproteenol

A

Nonspecific beta agonist

110
Q

N-acetylcysteine

A

Acetaminophen poisoning antidote

111
Q

Theophylline

A

Phosphodiesterase inhibitor. increases cAMP and blocks the adenosine receptor.

112
Q

Colchicine

A

Anti-inflammatory by inhibiting leukocyte migration and phagocytosis. Used in Acute gouty attacks. DIARRHEA.

113
Q

Fexofendadine

A

Second Gen Antihistamine

114
Q

Aluminum Hydroxide

A

Antacids

115
Q

Lubiprostone

A

Prostaglandin E1 analogue. Activates ClC-2 Cl channels in luminal cells to increase fluid secretion.

116
Q

Anakinra (kineret)

A

DMARD. IL-1 receptor antagonist. Used in RA.

117
Q

Levocabastine

A

Antihistamine that inhibits histamine release

118
Q

Beclomethasome

A

Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.

119
Q

Triamcinolone

A

Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.

120
Q

Ergotamines

A

Act on 5HT receptors (less specific than sumatriptan). Symptomatic treatment for migrianes.

121
Q

Castor Oil

A

Laxative. Mucosal Agent.

122
Q

Nabumetone

A

NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2

123
Q

Misoprostol

A

Cytoprotective. Prostaglandin E1 analogue

124
Q

Fiber

A

Bulk forming laxative.

125
Q

Penicillamine

A

DMARD. Chelating drug used in RA and Wilson’s disease

126
Q

Ibuprofen

A

NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2

127
Q

Pantoprazole

A

PPI

128
Q

Lactulose

A

Laxative. NH3 enters GI lumen and is converted to NH4 and therefore trapped.

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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