Miscellaneous Drugs Flashcards
Aspirine (Acetylsalicylic acid)
Nonselctive, irreversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2
Levalbuterol
Short acting beta-2 agonist
Sulfsalazine
Anti-inflammatory: 5-aminosalicyclic acid and sulfapyridine
Warfarin and Pregnancy
Use heparin instead. Fetal death is common
Desloratadine
Second Gen Antihistamine
Metoclopramide
Prokinetic Agent. D2 antagonistic Ach release.
Diphenhydramine
First Gen Antihistamine
Zileuton
Leukotriene Inhibitors. Inhibits 5-lipooxygenase (leukotriene synthesis).
Dimenhydrinate (Dramamine)
First Gen Antihistamine
Simethicone (gasX)
Coats gas and dissipates it
Asthma step wise therapy
1.) rescue inhaler: beta 2 agonist 2.) inhaled steroid (cromolyn for children) 3.) Leukotriene inhibitor 4.) Long acting beta agonist or another bronchodilator (ipratropium) Add oral steroid whenever needed
Indacaterol
Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.
Rabeprazole
PPI
Naproxen
NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2
Phenytoin and pregnancy
Fetal hydantoin syndrome: growth retardation, mental deficiencies, abnormal genitalia, cardiac abnormalities. Most anticonvulsans are associated with these problems.
Prophylactic Migraine Drugs
Beta-blockers (propranolol), CCB (verapamil), Antidepressants (amitriptyline, fluoxetine), Clonidine, valproic acid, topiramate, botox, angiotensin II receptor blocker.
Certirizine
Second Gen Antihistamine
Lansoprazole
PPI
Bisacodyl
Laxative. Mucosal Agent.
Sucralfate
Cytoprotective. Polymerizes to provide a protective barrier cells in ulcers base
Certrolizumab
DMARD. TNFalpha binder. Human IgG1.
Mycophenolate mofetil (cellcept)
DMARD. Inhibits lymphocyte purine synthesis
Tofacitinib
DMARD. Inhibits JAK1 and JAK3. Used for Ra that is intolerant to methotrexate.
Golimumab
DMARD. TNFalpha binder. Human IgG1.
Infliximab (remicade)
DMARD. TNFalpha binder. Chimeric monoclonal antibody. Crohn’s and RA.
Promethazine
Blocks DA, Muscarinic, and histamine receptors. Anti-nausea. Works for motion sickness.
Sorbitol/mannitol/sucralose
Osmotic Laxative
Dihydroergotamine
Act on 5HT receptors (less specific than sumatriptan). Symptomatic treatment for migrianes.
Etanercept (Enbrel)
DMARD. Binds p75 of TNF receptor to inhibit TNF.
Formoterol/mometasone
Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.
Levocentrizine
Second Gen Antihistamine
Salmeterol/fluticisone
Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.
Prochlorperazine
Blocks DA, Muscarinic, and histamine receptors. Anti-nausea. Works for motion sickness.
Ketorolac
NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2
Cromoyln Sodium
Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells
Omalizumab
Monoclonal antibody to IgE to prevent binding of IgE to cells of the allergic response.
Azelastine
Antihistamine that decreases histamine release and blocks receptors
Bethanechol
Prokinetic Agent. Muscarinic antagonist.
Erythromycin
Prokinetic Agent. Used in DM gastroparesis.
Adalimumab (humira)
DMARD. TNFalpha binder. Human IgG1. Monotherapy for RA
Celecoxib
NSAID. Selective, reversible inhibitor of COX2
Hydroxychloroquine
DMARD. Antihistamine, anticholinesterase, antiprotease.
Sumatriptan and all “triptan”s
5HT1D agonist on small peripheral nerves. Suppresses release of sensory neuropeptides. Symptomatic treatment of migraines.
Ondansetron
5HT3 antagonist. Anti-nausea. Not for Motion Sickness.
Polyethylene glycol
Osmotic Laxative
Indomethacin
NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2. Primary NSAID used for acute gout attack.
Loperamine (imodium)
Opiod anti-diarrhea
Tiotripium
Muscarinic antagonist. DOC for COPD.
Magnesium Hydroxide
Antacids and osmotic laxative.
Ranitidine
H2 Antagonist
Docusate
Laxative. Lubricant/softener.
Aprepitant
NK2 antagonist
Nonacetylated Salicylates
Salicylic acid is the active form. No irreversible COX inhibition.
Phenylbutazone
NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2
Hydrozyzine
First Gen Antihistamine
Ipratropium
Muscarinic antagonist. DOC for COPD
Febuxastat (Uloric)
Inhibit xanthine oxidase enzyme. Chronic gout.
Sex Hormones and pregnancy
VACTERL: Vertebral, anal problems, cardiac defects, renal and limb issues.
Budesonide
Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.
Gold Salts
DMARD. Suppresses cellular immunity.
Diohenoxylate and atropine (Lomotil)
Opiod anti-diarrhea
Loratadine
Second Gen Antihistamine
Allopurinol
Inhibit xanthine oxidase enzyme. Chronic gout.
Albuterol
Short acting beta-2 agonist
Drug Commonly used in Pregnancy
Valcyclovir, HIV drugs, acetominophen, NSAIDs, opiods, cephalosporins, penicillin, erythromycin, phenotiazines, corticosteroids, thyroid hormones, folic acid.
Leflunomide (arava)
DMARD. Inhibits DHODH to inhibit the induction of COX2.
Arformoterol
Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.
Sulfasalazine
DMARD. Used for IBD and RA.
Pegioticase
Mammalian urate oxidase
Senna
Laxative. Mucosal Agent.
Abatacept
DMARD. Second signal blocker of T cell activation. Distrubs key mechanism of inflammation and joint destruction in RA.
Nizatidine
H2 Antagonist
Bismuth Subsalicylate (Pepto-bismol)
Absorbs water and pathogens. Salicylate=anti-inflammatory.
Rituximab
DMARD. Binds CD20 on B cells. Used for NHL, and other B cell malignancies.
Isoproterenol
Nonspecific beta agonist
Pranlukast
Leukotriene Inhibitors
Alcohol and Pregnancy
Microcephaly, low ears, flat face, smaller brain.
Granisetron
5HT3 antagonist. Anti-nausea. Not for Motion Sickness.
Thalidomide and Pregnancy
Damages DNA through oxidative stress leading to limb deformities. Was used commonly to combat nausea.
Nedcromil
Inhibits release of histamine from mast cells
Promethazine
First Gen Antihistamine
Dronabinol/Nabilone
Cannabinoid. Good for chemo induced N/V.
Alosertron
IBS with severe diarrhea in women. 5HT3 receptor antagonist.
Flunisolide
Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.
Piroxicam
NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2
Mineral Oil
Laxative. Lubricant/softener.
Omeprazole
PPI
Vilanterol fluticasone
Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.
Tocilizumab
DMARD. IL-6 receptor inhibiting antibody.
Drugs Contraindicated in pregnancy
Statins, flurazepam, temazepam, warfarin, ergots, misoprostol, thalidomide, methotrexate, sex hormones, ribavarin, leflunomide, isotretinoin, ethanol, radioactive compounds.
Famotidine
H2 Antagonist
Probenecid
Uricosuric agent. Blocks the active reabsorption of uric acid. Chronic treatment of gout.
Esomeprazole
PPI
Montelukast
Leukotriene Inhibitors
Isotrentinoin and pregnancy
Causes structural malformation and functional impairment. Used to treat acne. SINGLE DOSE is teratogenic!
Diflunisal
Salicylic acid derivative but not metabolized to salicylic acid
Diethylstillbestrol (DES) and pregnancy
Was used to prevent abortion and premature labor
Cimetidine
H2 Antagonist
Zafirlukast
Leukotriene Inhibitors
Sodium Bicarb
Antacids
Acetaminophen
Possible only blocks COX in the brain. Less Side Effects than aspirin.
Olodaterol
Long acting beta-2 agonist. Given with a steroid.
Sodium Salts
Osmotic Laxative
Diclofenac
NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2
Rasburicase
Recombinant form of urate oxidase (metabolizes uric acid to allantoin). Chronic gout.
Pirobuterol
Short acting beta-2 agonist
Glycerin
Laxative. Lubricant/softener.
Fluticasone
Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.
Metaproteenol
Nonspecific beta agonist
N-acetylcysteine
Acetaminophen poisoning antidote
Theophylline
Phosphodiesterase inhibitor. increases cAMP and blocks the adenosine receptor.
Colchicine
Anti-inflammatory by inhibiting leukocyte migration and phagocytosis. Used in Acute gouty attacks. DIARRHEA.
Fexofendadine
Second Gen Antihistamine
Aluminum Hydroxide
Antacids
Lubiprostone
Prostaglandin E1 analogue. Activates ClC-2 Cl channels in luminal cells to increase fluid secretion.
Anakinra (kineret)
DMARD. IL-1 receptor antagonist. Used in RA.
Levocabastine
Antihistamine that inhibits histamine release
Beclomethasome
Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.
Triamcinolone
Inhaled steroid. Improve response to beta agonists.
Ergotamines
Act on 5HT receptors (less specific than sumatriptan). Symptomatic treatment for migrianes.
Castor Oil
Laxative. Mucosal Agent.
Nabumetone
NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2
Misoprostol
Cytoprotective. Prostaglandin E1 analogue
Fiber
Bulk forming laxative.
Penicillamine
DMARD. Chelating drug used in RA and Wilson’s disease
Ibuprofen
NSAID. Non selective reversible inhibitor of COX1 and COX2
Pantoprazole
PPI
Lactulose
Laxative. NH3 enters GI lumen and is converted to NH4 and therefore trapped.