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Antibiotics: Inhibitors of Cell Wall Synthesis Flashcards

1
Q

Penicillin MOA

A

Prevent transpeptidaiton. Bactericidal.

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2
Q

Natural Penicillins Spectrum

A

Gold standard for Gram Positive with some gram negative activity. Not antipsuedomonal. Incativated by penicillinase.

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3
Q

dicloxacillin (cloxapen)

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin. Oral.

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4
Q

Penicillin G

A

Natural penicillin. IV/IM

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5
Q

Penicillin V

A

Natural penicillin. Oral

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6
Q

Benzathine Penicillin

A

Natural penicillin. IM

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7
Q

Procaine penicillin G

A

Natural penicillin. IM

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8
Q

Penicillinase-resistant Penicillins spectrum

A

lower activity towards gram positive, some gram negative coverage. Resistant to penicillinase

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9
Q

Penicillinase production Staph aureus (MSSA) DOC

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin

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10
Q

Nafcillin (unipen)

A

Penicillinase-resistant pen. IV/IM.

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11
Q

Oxacillin (prostaphlin)

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin. Oral.

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12
Q

Methicillin

A

Penicillinase-resistant penicillin. Used for testing only.

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13
Q

Extended Spectrum penicillins

A

Lower gram positive activity with higher gram negative activity. Not antipsuedomonal.

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14
Q

Lysteria Infections

A

Extended Spectrum penicillins

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15
Q

Ampicillin (omnimen)

A

Extended Spectrum penicillins. Oral.

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16
Q

Amoxicillin (Amoxil)

A

Extended Spectrum penicillins. Oral.

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17
Q

Antipseudomonal Penicillins spectrum

A

Similar to extended spectrum with addition of some gram negative bacilli. Always used with an aminoglycoside to prevent resistance.

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18
Q

piperacillin (pipracil)

A

Antipseudomonal Penicillins.

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19
Q

Ticarcillin (ticar)

A

Antipseudomonal Penicillins

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20
Q

Clavulanic acid

A

penicillinase inhibitor

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21
Q

sulbactam

A

penicillinase inhibitor

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22
Q

tazobactam

A

penicillinase inhibitor

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23
Q

Penicillin toxicity

A

Mainly allergic reactions. GI disturbance and superinfections can also occur.

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24
Q

Penicillin elimination

A

renal (can be inhibited by probenicid)

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25
Q

Cephalosporins MOA

A

Activate cell wall autolytic enzymes by blocking the terminal cross linking of peptides. Bacteriocidal. 7-methyl group increases their resistance to penicillinase.

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26
Q

First Gen Cephalosporins spectrum

A

Mostly gram positive with some gram negative.

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27
Q

Surgical prophylaxis

A

Cefazolin (First Gen Cephalosporin)

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28
Q

MSSA with Pen allergy

A

First Gen Cephalosporins

29
Q

Cefazolin (kefzol, ancef)

A

First Gen Cephalosporin. IV/IM.

30
Q

Cephalexin (keflex)

A

First Gen Cephalosporins. Oral.

31
Q

Second gen Cephalorsporins Spectrum

A

Intermediate. lower gram positive with increased gram negative.

32
Q

Cefaclor (ceclor)

A

Second gen Cephalorsporin. Oral.

33
Q

Cefuroxime (zinacef)

A

Second gen Cephalorsporin. IV/IM.

34
Q

Cefprozil (cefzil)

A

Second gen Cephalorsporin. Oral.

35
Q

Third gen cephalosporins spectrum

A

Broad spectrum. Enterobacteriacae activity. Good CNS penetration.

36
Q

Neisseria infections DOC

A

Ceftriaxone (Third gen cephalosporin).

37
Q

Ceftriaxone (Rocephin)

A

Third gen cephalosporin. IV/IM.

38
Q

Cefotaxime sodium (claforan)

A

Third gen cephalosporin. IV/IM.

39
Q

Ceftazidime (fortaz)

A

Third gen cephalosporin. Pseudomonal activity (P. aerginosa) given with an aminoglycoside, second line psuedomonal treatment for patients with pen allergies. IV/IM.

40
Q

Cefixime (suprax)

A

Third gen cephalosporin. Oral.

41
Q

Fourth gen cephalosporins spectrum

A

Superior broad spectrum activity

42
Q

Empirical therapy DOC

A

Cefepime (Fourth gen cephalosporin).

43
Q

Cefepime (maxipime)

A

Fourth gen cephalosporin. Antipsuedomonal. used for empirical therapy. IV.

44
Q

Unnamed “fifth gen cephalosporin” Spectrum

A

Gram positive and negative. Not antipsuedomonal. Active against MRSA and VRSA.

45
Q

Ceftaroline fosamil (teflaro)

A

Unnamed “fifth gen cephalosporin” IV

46
Q

Moraxella Catarrhalis DOC

A

second or third gen cephalosporin

47
Q

Neisseria Gonorrheae DOC

A

Ceftriaxone or Cefixime

48
Q

E. Coli DOC

A

first or second gen cephalosporin

49
Q

Klebisella DOC

A

first or second gen cephalosporin

50
Q

Proteus DOC

A

first or second gen cephalosporin

51
Q

Borrelia Burgdorferi (late) DOC

A

Ceftriaxone

52
Q

Cephalosporin toxicity

A

superinfections. No ETOH. 10% cross reactive with penicillin. renal tubular necrosis.

53
Q

Monobactam spectrum

A

Active only against aerobic gram negative rods (pseudomonas, serratia, klebsiella, proteus).

54
Q

Aztreonam (Azactam)

A

Monobactam. IV.

55
Q

Imipenem/meropenem spectrum

A

broad spectrum including anaerobes. IV.

56
Q

penicillinase producting enterobacter infections DOC

A

Imipenem/meropenem.

57
Q

Impipenem;cilastin (primaxin) side effects

58
Q

Vancomycin (vancocin) MOA

A

Prevents transpeptidation by masking the binding site (terminal D-ala-D-ala). Bactericidal.

59
Q

MRSA DOC

A

vancomycin (vancocin)

60
Q

Vancomycin (vancocin) Spectrum

A

Gram positive infection for those allergic to penicillin. Used for staph infections and C-diff.

61
Q

Vancomycin (vancocin) Toxicity

A

ototoxic and nephrotoxic. “Red man” syndrome.

62
Q

Fosfomycin (monurol) MOA

A

inhibits synthesis of peptidoglycan by preventing reduction of NAG to NAM.

63
Q

Fosfomycin (monurol) Spectrum

A

Gram positive and negative. Commonly used for uncomplicated UTIs. Can be combined with a beta lactam for synergism.

64
Q

Bacitracin MOA

A

Interferes with the phospholipid carrier so NAG-NAM can’t cross the inner membrane.

65
Q

Bacitracin spectrum

A

Gram positive. Used topically usually in combination with neomycin and polymyxins.

66
Q

Augmentin

A

amoxicillin and clavulanic acid

67
Q

timentin

A

IV. Ticarcillin and clavulanic acid

68
Q

Unasyn

A

IV/IM. ampicillin and sulbactam

69
Q

Zosyn

A

IV. Pipercillin and tazobactam.

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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