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Pharmacology > Antiprotozoals and Anthelminthics > Flashcards

Antiprotozoals and Anthelminthics Flashcards

1
Q

Amebiasis etiology

A

Entamoeba histolytica

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2
Q

Amebiasis transmission

A

contaminated water/food or direct contact.

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3
Q

Amebiasis life cycle

A

two forms: cysts are infectious and trophozoites invade and replicate in the tissues, usually the liver (abscess forming) and intestinal wall (diarrhea). Those that stay in the lumen are asymptomatic.

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4
Q

Giardiasis Etiology

A

Giardia lamblia. Most common cause of diarrhea in north america. Beaver is a resevoir.

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5
Q

Giardiasis transmission

A

contaminated water/food or direct contact

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6
Q

Trichomoniasis etiology

A

trichomonas vaginalis

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7
Q

Trichomoniasis transmission

A

STI. Men can be asymptomatic carriers.

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8
Q

Trichomoniasis symptoms

A

vaginitis with frothy yellow discharge

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9
Q

Toxoplasmosis etiology

A

Toxoplasm gondii. Commonly found in cat feces.

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10
Q

Toxoplasmosis fetal infection

A

heart problems, hydrocephalus and retinochorioiditis.

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11
Q

Pneumocystosis etiology

A

Pneumocystis jirovecii. Yeast-like fungus. Major cause of death in AIDS patients.

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12
Q

E. hystolytica DOC

A

Metronidazole with a luminal amebicide (Iodoquinol, Paromomycin or tetracyline/erythromycin)

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13
Q

Giardia lamblia DOC

A

Metronidazole

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14
Q

Trichomoniasis vaginalis DOC

A

Metronidazole

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15
Q

Toxoplasma gondii DOC

A

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine +folinic acid

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16
Q

Pneumocystis jirovecii DOC

A

Bactrim + folinic acid

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17
Q

Tissue amebicides ( 3)

A

Metronidazole, tinidazole, emetine/dehydroemitine

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18
Q

Luminal amebicides (4)

A

Iodoquinol, Paromomycin, tetracyline or erythromycin

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19
Q

Metronidazole (Flagyl) uses

A

DOC for E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and T. vaginalis.

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20
Q

Metronidazole MOA

A

Pro-drug that is non-enzymatically reduced by reacting with ferredoxin forming unstable metabolites that damage DNA.

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21
Q

Metronidazole Toxicity

A

metallic taste, disulfiram-like reaction.

22
Q

Tinidazole (Tindimax) uses

A

Similar to metronidazole but not as effective. Used for E. histolytica, G. lamblia, and T. vaginalis.

23
Q

Emetine + Dehydroemetine (mebadin) uses

A

Alternative to metronidazole and Tinidazole but so toxic used sparingly for severe or systemic E. histolytica.

24
Q

Mebadin (emetine + dehyrdroemetine) kinetics

A

subcutaneous injection. Tissue amebicide. Need CDC permission to use.

25
Q

Mebadin toxicity

A

Cardiotoxic, serious GI effects, teratogenicity.

26
Q

Mebadin contraindications

A

cardiac or renal disease. pregnancy.

27
Q

Iodoquinol (yodoxin) uses

A

Luminal trophozoites/cysts of E. histolytica. Also in combo with metronidazole.

28
Q

Iodoquinol toxicity

A

high iodine content (thyroid enlargement), blindness.

29
Q

Paromomycin (Humantin) uses

A

Luminal amebicide. Used for asymptomatic amebiasis, giardiasis, vaginalis or in combination with metronidazole.

30
Q

Antibiotics as antiprotozoals

A

tetracycline and erythromycin. Alternate luminal drug for amebiasis and giardiasis. Can be used in combo with metronidazole. MOA: inhibit protein synthesis and normal flora (food source).

31
Q

Pyrimethamine + sulfadiazine (Daraprim) uses

A

DOC for toxoplasma gondii. Administered with folinic acid to decrease side effects.

32
Q

Trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole (bactrim) uses

A

DOC for pnuemocystosis (P. Jirovecii).

33
Q

Bactrim toxicity

A

bone marrow suppression (cytopenia), hypersensitivity reactions.

34
Q

Pentamidine (pentam) uses

A

effective against P. jirovecci used in those that can’t tolerate bactrim.

35
Q

Pentamidine MOA

A

inhibits DNA replication

36
Q

pentamidine kinetics

A

IM (active infections) nebulizer (prophylaxis).

37
Q

Pentamidine toxicity

A

hypotension, arrhythmias, hypoglycemia

38
Q

Roundworms

A

Nematodes. Contaminated food (improperly cooked), daycares and crowed areas with poor sanitation.

39
Q

Tapeworms

A

Cestodes. Beef, fish and pork that is improperly cooked.

40
Q

Flukes

A

Trematodes. blood flukes are called schistosomes

41
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate (antiminth) uses

A

Roundworm (nematodes). Available OTC.

42
Q

Pyrantel Pamoate (antiminth) MOA

A

Cholinesterase inhibitor. Depolarizes the NMJ blockade.

43
Q

Ivermectin (mectizan) uses

A

Roundworm (nematodes). Broad spectrum.

44
Q

Ivermectin (mectizan) MOA

A

paralyzes the worm so it detaches. Intensifies the GABA mediated transmission in the nerves.

45
Q

Filaria infections DOC

A

Ivermectin (mectizan)

46
Q

Praziquantel (biltricide) uses

A

Tapeworms (cestodes). Oral, well absorbed for systemic infections. Can also be used for trematodes (flukes).

47
Q

Schistosomes DOC

A

Praziquantel (biltricide)

48
Q

Praziquantel (biltricide) MOA

A

increases calcium permeability resulting in contraction/paralysis leading to dislodgement.

49
Q

Bithionol (Bitin) uses

A

Flukes (trematodes). Oral, absorbed in the GI tract.

50
Q

Bithionol (Bitin) MOA

A

uncouples oxidative phosphorylation

Pharmacology (24 decks)

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