Miscellaneous Flashcards
ApoE issue?
Build up of remnants
LPL or ApoC2 deficiency?
Build up of chylomicrons
What are the 4 monoamines? Which are catecholamines? Indoleamine?
Serotonin, dopamine, norepinephrine, epinephrine.
Which AA forms catecholamines? Indolamine?
Tyrosine. Tryptophan
Catecholamine synthesis step one and product?
Tyrosine hydroxylase, DOPA.
Catecholamine step 2 enzyme and product?
DOPA decarboxylase. Makes dopamine.
Catecholamine step 3 enzyme and product?
Dopamine b hydroxylase. Norepinephrine
Catecholamine step 4 enzyme and product? Needs what methyl donor?
Phenylethylnolamine N methyl transferase. Epinephrine. SAM
Serotonin production steps?
Tryptophan hydroxylased and decarboxylased. Made in gut, carried in platelets. Constriction factor
Serotonin breakdown product?
5 HIAA
Dopamine breakdown product? NE and E?
Homovanillic acid. Vanillylmandelic acid
MAO does what?
Degrades monoamines
Carcinoid syndrome symptoms and cause?
Flushing, diarrhea, elevated 5HIAA. Gut tumor raising serotonin
Pheochromocytoma cause and symptoms?
Adrenal medulla cancer. Palpitations, sweating, vanillylmandelic acid up
What does norepinephrine activate?
Thermogenin
Question about negative nitrogen balance is asking about what?
Essential amino acids
What amino acid is essential with PKU?
Tyrosine
Does the liver use ketone bodies?
No
Where are glycerol kinase and g6phosphatase found?
Only in liver
Where is Glut1 most important?
Blood brain barrier
Where is Glut2 found?
Pancreas and liver. Low affinity
How is Glut4 activated?
By insulin and exercise. Only in muscle and adipose.
HMG CoA reductase is targeted by what?
Statins
HMG CoA lyase makes what?
Ketones
Malate made to pyruvate by malic enzyme produces what? What is other path that makes that?
NADPH? PPP
What does cortisol induce?
Proteolysis
