Glycolysis Flashcards
Where does glycolysis occur?
All cells. Esp in erythrocytes and brain.
Energetic needs and output of glycolysis
Needs 2 ATP to start, 4 produced. Net 2. And 2 NAD in, 2 NADH + 2H out.
What is the only cofactor needed for glycolysis? And what vitamin is needed to produce it?
NAD+, niacin
Where does glycolysis occur?
Cytoplasm
Fates of pyruvate?
Turned to lactate in cyto to replenish NAD without O2. In mitochondria ETC regenerates NAD with O2.
2 main phases of glycolysis?
Glucose to two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, consuming 2 ATP
Step 2 turns that into two pyruvate, 4 ATP produced.
What steps of glycolysis are irreversible?
1,3,10
Which steps of glycolysis take ATP
1,3
Which steps of glycolysis produce ATP?
7, 10. 2 each
Glycolysis step one enzymes
3 kinds of hexokinase, and glucokinase. Isoenzymes
NADH producing step of glycolysis
6
Hexokinase details
Inhibited by its own product, G6P. High affinity
Glucokinase
In liver and pancreas. Low affinity, not inhibited by product. Induced by insulin
Glycolysis step 3 enzyme, inhibitors, and stimulators?
PFK-1. Inhibited by ATP and citrate, stimulated by AMP and F2,6BP. Rate limiting step
Glycolysis step 10 enzyme and regulator?
Pyruvate kinase. Regulated by PKA
Glucagon action
Raises cAMP
cAMP action
Induces PKA. Which reverses PFK2, reducing PFK1 action. Also reduces pyruvate kinase action. All in liver. cAMP up in heart increases glycolysis
PK deficiency
Hemolysis, lower ATP in blood cells
