Glycolysis

Question 1

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 1

All cells. Esp in erythrocytes and brain.

Question 2

Energetic needs and output of glycolysis

Answer 2

Needs 2 ATP to start, 4 produced. Net 2. And 2 NAD in, 2 NADH + 2H out.

Question 3

What is the only cofactor needed for glycolysis? And what vitamin is needed to produce it?

Answer 3

NAD+, niacin

Question 4

Where does glycolysis occur?

Answer 4

Cytoplasm

Question 5

Fates of pyruvate?

Answer 5

Turned to lactate in cyto to replenish NAD without O2. In mitochondria ETC regenerates NAD with O2.

Question 6

2 main phases of glycolysis?

Answer 6

Glucose to two glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate, consuming 2 ATP

Step 2 turns that into two pyruvate, 4 ATP produced.

Question 7

What steps of glycolysis are irreversible?

Answer 7

1,3,10

Question 8

Which steps of glycolysis take ATP

Answer 8

1,3

Question 9

Which steps of glycolysis produce ATP?

Answer 9

7, 10. 2 each

Question 10

Glycolysis step one enzymes

Answer 10

3 kinds of hexokinase, and glucokinase. Isoenzymes

Question 11

NADH producing step of glycolysis

Answer 11

6

Question 12

Hexokinase details

Answer 12

Inhibited by its own product, G6P. High affinity

Question 13

Glucokinase

Answer 13

In liver and pancreas. Low affinity, not inhibited by product. Induced by insulin

Question 14

Glycolysis step 3 enzyme, inhibitors, and stimulators?

Answer 14

PFK-1. Inhibited by ATP and citrate, stimulated by AMP and F2,6BP. Rate limiting step

Question 15

Glycolysis step 10 enzyme and regulator?

Answer 15

Pyruvate kinase. Regulated by PKA

Question 16

Glucagon action

Answer 16

Raises cAMP

Question 17

cAMP action

Answer 17

Induces PKA. Which reverses PFK2, reducing PFK1 action. Also reduces pyruvate kinase action. All in liver. cAMP up in heart increases glycolysis

Question 18

PK deficiency

Answer 18

Hemolysis, lower ATP in blood cells