Fatty Acid Oxidation

Question 1

Basic structure of fatty acid?

Answer 1

Hydrocarbon chain attached to carboxylic acid. It is a soap, and amphipathic

Question 2

Short fatty acid length?
Medium?
Long?

Answer 2

2-4
6-12
14-26

Question 3

Butyric acid carbons?
Lauric?
Palmitic?
Stearic?

Answer 3

4,12,16,18

Question 4

Omega 7 acid?
Omega 9?
3?
6?

Answer 4

Palmitoleic
Oleic
Alpha linolenic
Linoleic

Question 5

20c fatty acid with 4 double bonds?

Answer 5

Arachidonic acid

Question 6

What decreases melting point of fatty acids?

Answer 6

Shorter chains, more double bonds

Question 7

Structure of triacylglycerol?

Answer 7

Three fatty acids esterified to glycerol

Question 8

How does epinephrine mobilize fatty acids? What is it similar to?

Answer 8

cAMP increases PKA, Activates hormone sensitive lipase and perilipin. Perilipin exposes lipids for digestion.
Glucagon

Question 9

Are catabolic enzymes active when phosphorylated?

Answer 9

Yes

Question 10

What does perilipin ordinarily do?

Answer 10

Block access of triglyceride by lipase

Question 11

How do long fatty acids get into mitochondria?

Answer 11

By carnitine, a transporter

Question 12

Where does beta oxidation occur? How are FFA activated?

Answer 12

In the mitochondria

By attachment to CoA

Question 13

Which carbon in triglyceride is usually unsaturated?

Answer 13

Carbon 2

Question 14

Glut4 is what?

Answer 14

Insulin sensitive receptor

Question 15

Where does LPL work?

Answer 15

Capillaries

Question 16

Fatty acid mobilization trims what off of adipose tissue?

Answer 16

FFAs

Question 17

Does insulin inhibit mobilization of FFA? And how?

Answer 17

Yes, activates a phosphatase to inhibit PKA

Question 18

When triglycerides are broken down by lipase, where does the glycerol go to?

Answer 18

Liver for gluconeogenesis

Question 19

What is the only regulation point for fat oxidation?

Answer 19

The adipose tissue lipase by insulin/epinephrine

Question 20

Which carnitine-palmitoyl transferase is on the outside, which is on the inside?

Answer 20

1 outside, 2 inside. Inhibited by malonyl CoA(which is precursor for fat synthesis)

Question 21

How many kinds of Acyl-CoA dehydrogenase are there?

Answer 21

3, long, medium, short. First step of beta oxidation.

Question 22

How does beta oxidation work?

Answer 22

Double bond made, water added, broken with thiolase. In mitochondria

Question 23

How are unsaturated FFA oxidized?

Answer 23

An isomerase moves the double bond to match an intermediate step

Question 24

How are odd chain fatty acids oxidized?

Answer 24

Propionyl CoA turned to succinyl CoA. (Krebs intermediate) (Methylmalonyl intermediate in this process)

Question 25

Refsum disease

Answer 25

Alpha oxidation issue. Normally removes one C. Buildup of phytanic acid. CNS issue

Question 26

Why is peroxisomal oxidation needed?

Answer 26

To reduce long chain FFA to 18 to be used in mitochondria.

Question 27

Where are ketones formed?

Answer 27

Liver. It’s a shunt to produce ketones for use in brain.

Question 28

What is needed for ketone bodies to be utilized?

Answer 28

Succinyl CoA, never in the liver