Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Neuro Test 2 > Miscellaneous > Flashcards

Miscellaneous Flashcards

1
Q

What is worse for prognosis, decorticate posturing or decerebrate posturing?

A

decerebrate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q
A

Hypothalamus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

The pineal gland is on what structure?

A

Epithalamus

note: innervated by sympathetic fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q
A

Ventral Striatum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q
A

Putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What neurotransmitter goes from the cerebrum to the corticostriatal pathways to basal ganglia

A

Glutamate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the only neurotransmitter that is the output of the Basal Ganglia?

A

GABA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the only loop in the ventral striatal pathway?

A

Emotional Loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The prefrontal cortex is associated with what 3 loops?

A

Goal directed behavior loop, emotional, and social behavior loop

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is cerebellum white matter called?

A

Arbor Vitae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What makes up the ventral striatum

A

Caudate + putamen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

In the closed cerebral-cerebellar loop the afferents enter the cerebellum through _______ and the efferents leave through the ____________

What part of the cerebellum is involved?

A

Middle peduncle

Superior Peduncle

Lateral cortex of cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

D1 dopamine receptors are for what pathway?

D2 dopamine receptors are for what pathway?

A

D1- Go

D2 - No Go

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the internal feedback tracks of the spinocerebellum

A

Rostrospinal (ipsilateral)

Anterior spinocerebellar (both sides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the high fidelity pathways of the spinocerebellum

A

Dorsal spinocerebellar

Cuneocerebellar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

T or F: the cerebral cortex does not directly project to the cerebellum

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The vestibulocerebellum receives output from _____ and _____.

It sends output through ______

A

Vestibular apparatus

vestibular nuclei

Vestibular nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Cerebellar problems usually present on the _____ side

A

Ipsilateral

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Lesions of the _____ cortex cause altered perception of person space

A

R posterior parietal cortex

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Where is CN 5 nuclei and the medial longitudinal fasciculus found in the brainstem?

A

Tegmentum of brainstem

Along with reticular formation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What structure in the brainstem coordinates head and eye movements?

A

Medial longitudinal fascicules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the purpose of the pedunculopontine nuclei

A

Part of basal ganglia circuit, regulates tone

23
Q

Where is the red nucleus, periaqueductal gray matter, and CN 3 and 4 nuclei found in the midbrain?

A

The tegmentum of the midbrain

24
Q

What is the only tract that enters the medulla FROM the cerebellum

A

Cerebellovestibular tract

25
Q

What pathways are in the pre-frontal channel?

A

Goal directed and social

26
Q

What pathways are dorsal striatal pathways

A

Everything besides emotion loop

27
Q

What pathways are ventral striatal pathways

A

Emotional loop (part of the limbic channel)

28
Q

Horizontal cells are interneurons between _____ and ______

A

Photoreceptors and bipolar cells

29
Q

Amacrine cells are inter neurons between ______ and ______

A

Bipolar and ganglion cells

30
Q

T or F: the same ganglion cells handle gross features, color, and details

A

F Different cells for each

31
Q

Where are the cell bodies of 2nd order neurons for vision found?

A

Lateral genticulate body in thalamus (projects to optic radiation)

32
Q

Saccadic eye movement aligns the _____ with a particular part of the visual scene

A

Fovea

33
Q

Smooth pursuit keeps a slow moving object on the _____

A

Fovea

34
Q

The horizontal gaze center is in the ________ of the brainstem

A

Paramedian pontine reticular formation

35
Q

The vertical gaze center is in the ______ Mid brain

A

Rostral interstitial nucleus in midbrain

Note: vertical gaze center is higher up that’s why it’s spared during locked in syndrome but the horizontal gaze center is not

36
Q

The frontal eye field controls _______ saccades and _____smooth pursuit

The parieto-occipital-temporal cortex controls _______ smooth pursuit

A

Contralateral

contralateral

Ipsilateral

37
Q

Lesions to the superior colliculus cause what

A

Reduce accuracy and velocity of saccades

38
Q

How does the frontal eye field connect to the Paramedian pontine reticular formation

A

Connected directly (one nerve straight there)

And indirectly (2 nerve connection with a synapse at the superior colliculus)

39
Q

What fluid is inside of the semicircular canals?

A

endolymph

40
Q

What fluid is between the bony labyrinth and the membranous labyrinth

A

Perilymph

41
Q

What is the relationship between vestibular and visual cortices?

A

reciprocally inhibited/disinhibited

42
Q

Vestibular and visual systems are tightly linked for…..

A

Postural control and eye movements

43
Q

what cerebellar cells start in the inferior olive?

A

Climbing fibers

44
Q

What do climbing fibers transmit

A

Info about movement errors to cerebellum

45
Q

What do mossy fibers transmit

A

Transmit somatosensory into from pons, spinal cord, and cortex to the cerebellum

46
Q

Purkinje cells _______ the cerebellar and vestibular nuclei

A

Inhibit

47
Q

Mossy and climbing fibers transmit ______

A

Afferent excitatory neurotransmitters

48
Q

What layer of the cerebellum has interneurons

A

Molecular and granular (not purkinje layer)

49
Q

What are the interneurons of the cerebellum called?

A

Granule, Golgi, stellate, and basket cells

50
Q

What cells are amongst the largest in the brain with huge dendritic branching

A

Purkinje cells

51
Q

What is the only part of the cerebellum receiving direct input from the spinal cord?

A

Spinocerebellum (vermis and intermediate zones)

not cerebrocerebellum or vestibulocerebullum

52
Q

The dentate nucleus is part of what area of the cerebellum

A

Lateral hemispheres AKA cerebrocerebellum

53
Q

The fastigial nucleus is found in the ____ and does ____

The interposed nuclei are found in the ______ and do ____

A

Fastigial: vermis, proximal movements

Interposed: Intermediate zone, distal movements

54
Q

What part of the cerebellum is important for motor planning?

A

Cerebrocerebellum

Neuro Test 2 (19 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions