Loops And Pathways Flashcards
The subthalamic nucleus sends _________ to the GPi
Glutamate
The GPi sends _________ to the motor thalamus
GABA
The motor/premotor area of the cortex sends ________ to the subthalamic nucleus or putamen
Glutamate
It sends glutamate to putamen in GO pathway and NO GO
It sends glutamate to subthalamic nucleus in STOP
The putamen sends ______________ to the GPi or GPe depending on the pathway
GABA
The GPe sends __________ to the subthalamic nucleus
GABA
But when inhibited by the putamen it sends less GABA which disinhibits the GPi
Goal Directed behavior pathway
_________ prefrontal cortex -> ____________ -> GPi -> Thalamus
Lateral
Head of Caudate
Just remember: He’s goal directed with a good head on his shoulders :) Head of the caudate. Also it’s involved in the social loop because to be socially successful you have to have a good head on your shoulders. The head of the caudate is NOT in the emotional loop because being too emotional is the opposite of that.
Goal Directed behavior loop
Lateral prefrontal cortex -> head of caudate -> _________ -> ___________
GPi
Thalamus
Remember it takes discipline to accomplish your goals! So thats why the GPi is included (it inhibits unwanted behavior)
Which loop can have deficits of inattention, poor concentration, short term memory?
Goal directed behavior
Social Behavior loop
_____ prefrontal cortex -> __________ -> substantia nigra reticularis -> thalamus
Remember that being social makes you hapy so thats why this loop includes the substantia nigra (dopamine)
Ventral
Head of caudate
Social Behavior Loop
Ventral prefrontal cortex -> Head of caudate -> _____________ -> thalamus
Substantia Nigra Reticularis
social behavior gives you dopamine!
Deficits of what loop can lead to impulsivity, indifference, and violence?
Social Behavior Loop
Emotional Loop
______ prefrontal cortex -> ventral striatum -> thalamus
Medial
How I will remember: If you’re stuck in an emotional loop, you probably need to vent (ventral striatum)
Emotional Loop
Medial prefrontal cortex -> ________________ -> Thalamus
Ventral Striatum
Deficits of what loop lead to impaired reward seeking behavior/addiciton
Emotional Loop
A _______________ stroke causes depression and dulling of emotion
L basal ganglia,
Bc it damages the emotional loop
Occulomotor loop
Frontal/supplemental eye fields of cortex -> ___________ -> substantia nigra reticularis -> thalamus
Body of caudate
Occulomotor loop
Frontal/supplemental eye field of cortex -> body of caudate -> ___________ -> thalamus
Substantia nigra reticularis
Damage to Occulomotor loop leads to….
Impaired pro-saccades and anti-saccades
Motor Loop
Motor/Premotor cortex -> ____________ -> Globus Pallidus -> Thalamus
Putamen
Men appreciate the motor loop so the putaMEN is involved!
Motor Loop
Motor/premotor cortex -> Putamen -> _______________ -> thalamus
Globus Pallidus
Stop pathway
- Motor cortex sends __________ to the subthalamic nucleus
- Subthalamic nucleus sends __________ to the ____________
- ___________ sends GABA to the motor thalamus
Glutamate
Glutamate
GPi
GPi
Stop Pathway
- Motor cortex sends Glutamate to the __________
- ___________ sends glutamate to the GPi
- GPi sends __________ to the _____________
Subthalamic nucleus
Subthalamic nucleus
GABA
Motor Thalamus
Go pathway
- Motor area of cortex sends __________ to the __________
- __________ sends GABA to the GPi
- GPi then sends ______________ to the motor thalamus
- Motor thalamus sends glutamate to the cortex
- Cortex sends _________ to LMNs
Glutamate
Putamen
Putamen
LESS GABA
Glutamate
Go pathway
- Motor area of cortex sends glutamate to putamen
- Putamen sends ______________ to the ____________
- ___________ sends less GABA to the motor thalamus
- Motor thalamus sends _________ to the motor cortex
- Motor cortex sends Glutamate to the LMN
GABA
GPi
GPi
Glutamate
No-go pathway
- Motor area of cortex sends ________ to the ___________
- __________ sends GABA to the GPe
- GPe sends ____________ to the subthalamic nucleus
- Subthalamic nucleus sends __________ to the GPi
- GPi sends GABA to motor thalamus
Glutamate , Putamen
Putamen
LESS GABA
Glutamate
No Go pathway
- Motor area of cortex sends glutamate to putamen
- Putamen sends _____________ to __________
- ___________ sends less GABA to the subthalamic nucleus
- The subthalamic nucleus sends ___________ to the GPi
- GPi sends GABA to motor thalamus
GABA
GPe
GPe
Glutamate
Cerebrocerebellar circuit:
Motor/pre motor cortex -> _________ -> lateral cerebellum -> ________ -> thalamus -> motor/pre motor cortex
Pontine nuclei
Dentate nuclei
