Lab Practical 2 Flashcards
Identify?
Function?
Inferior colliculus
Auditory
Indentify
Function?
Inferior colliculus
Auditory
Identify?
Function?
Pineal body, part of epithalamus
Makes melatonin, sleep/wake cycle
Indentify
Function?
Superior colliculus
Vision
Indentify
Function?
Superior Colliculus
Vision
Identify?
Function?
Thalamus
Relay Station
Facial Colliculus
Formed by abducens nucleus and facial nerves
Left circle
Lateral geniculate nucleus
synapse point for optic nerve before moving to visual cortex; part of geniculate body
thalamic relay nucleus for visual pathway
Lateral geniculate nucleus
synapse point for optic nerve before moving to visual cortex; part of geniculate body
thalamic relay nucleus for visual pathway
Lateral geniculate nucleus
synapse point for optic nerve before moving to visual cortex; part of geniculate body
thalamic relay nucleus for visual pathway
medial geniculate nucleus
fxn: receives auditory info from inferior colliculi
sends info to auditory cortex
Right circle
medial geniculate nucleus
fxn: receives auditory info from inferior colliculi
sends info to auditory cortex
cerebral peduncle
houses: superior and inferior colliculus
located: anterior midbrain, connects brainstem to thalamus
fxn: refine motor movement, learn new motor skills, convert proprioceptive info to balance and posture maintenance
blood: PCA
Cerebral Peduncle
A
superior cerebellar peduncle
Connects cerebellum to midbrain
mostly EFFERENT
B
middle cerebellar peduncle
-connects cerebellum to PONS
ONLY AFFERENT
C
inferior cerebellar peduncle
connects cerebellum to MEDULLA
afferent and efferent
midbrain
3 parts: colliculi, tegmentum, cerebral peduncles
Contains which structures: Substantia nigra
Blood: PCA
periaqueductal gray matter
located: brainstem, between forebrain and lower brainstem, surrounds cerebral aqueduct
fxn: integrates responses to stressors, receives slow nociceptive info, PAIN INHIBITION
inferior colliculi (nucleus commissure)
commissure: thin, white matter with myelinated axons
fxn: transmit auditory info, AFFERENT
CN: 4 here
Superior colliculus
fxn:, process visual info
CN: 3 here
substantia nigra
located: midbrain
fxn: produces DOPAMINE (motor, cognition, behavior)
substantia nigra
located: midbrain
fxn: produces DOPAMINE (motor, cognition, behavior)
red nucleus
fxn: coordination of sensorimotor info + rubrospinal tract
red nucleus
fxn: coordination of sensorimotor info + rubrospinal tract
red nucleus
fxn: coordination of sensorimotor info + rubrospinal tract
What is the blue structure and what is it’s function?
Reticular formation
what: neural network that integrates sensory and cortical info up and down in brainstem
fxn: modulate pain, consciousness, sleep-wake
damage: disorder of consciousness
Diencephalon
contains: thalamus, hypothalamus, epithalamus, subthalamus
Thalamus
-large collection of nuclei in 2 egg shaped structures
location: BELOW lateral ventricle, surrounds 3rd ventricle
fxn: RELAY sensory, motor, brainstem info; perception, memory, alert/attn, consciousness, cognition
Thalamus
-large collection of nuclei in 2 egg shaped structures
location: BELOW lateral ventricle, surrounds 3rd ventricle
fxn: RELAY sensory, motor, brainstem info; perception, memory, alert/attn, consciousness, cognition
Hypothalamus
fxn: HEAL - homeostasis, endocrine, autonomic, limbic
important structures: mammillary bodies, pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
fxn: HEAL - homeostasis, endocrine, autonomic, limbic
important structures: mammillary bodies, pituitary gland
amygdala
limbic system
fxn: emotions, motivation
output: sends info to hypothalamus via stria terminalis and amygdofugal pathways
fornix
fxn: declarative memory
role in limbic pathway:
hippocampus»_space; fornix»_space; mamillary bodies»_space; mammillothalamic tract»_space; thalamus»_space; cingulate gyrys
infundibulum (aka pituitary stalk) of pituitary gland
connects posterior pituitary to hypothalamus & allows hormones synthesized in hypothalamus to be send to posterior pituitary (releases neurohormones, anterior pituitary releases hormones into blood stream)
axons travel from: hypothalamus»infundibulum»pituitary stalk»posterior pituitary
cingulate gyrus
location: ABOVE corpus collosum
system: apart of limbic system (hippcampus)»fornix»mamm bodies»mammillothalamic tract»thalamus»cingulate gyrus)
fxn: regulate autonomic motor function
What is this highlighted line pointing to?
cingulate gyrus
location: ABOVE corpus collosum
system: apart of limbic system (hippcampus»fornix»mamm bodies»mammillothalamic tract»thalamus»cingulate gyrus)
fxn: regulate autonomic motor function
septum pellucidum
separates anterior horns of R/L lateral ventricles
runs from corpus callosum down fornix
Mammillary body
-posterior hypothalamus
process/recall MEMORY
Corpus callosum
connects homologus areas of R and L hemispheres
Corpus callosum
connects homologus areas of R and L hemispheres
anterior commissure
crossing of the spinothalamic tract
anterior commissure of brain
fxn: connects temporal lobes
Just review this pic, its pretty good.
putamen
-location: Basal ganglia, part of STRIATUM (caudate + putamen) and LENTIFORM NUCLEUS (globus pallidus + putamen)
-fxn: learning and motor control, inhibits GPi (DISinhibits thalamus), motor loops
damage = HYPOkinesia (Parkinson’s)
Degeneration of striatum and cortex=hyperkinesia, in Huntington’s
putamen
-location: Basal ganglia, part of STRIATUM (caudate + putamen) and LENTIFORM NUCLEUS (globus pallidus + putamen)
-fxn: learning and motor control, inhibits GPi (DISinhibits thalamus), motor loops
damage = HYPOkinesia (Parkinson’s)
Globus Pallidus
Globus pallidus
location: BG, part of LENTIFORM nuclues (putamen + globus pallidus)
fxn: conscious and proprioceptive mvmt
2 parts:
GPe and GPi
A
Fornix
B
Hypothalamus
C
Caudate nucleus
D
Internal Capsule
E
GPi
F
GPe
G
Putamen
I
subthalamic nucleus or mammillary body
Subthalamic nucleus
location: above and lateral to SN
below thalamus, latearl to hypothalamus
fxn: mvmt regulation
Pathways: Hyperdirect and No-Go
Caudate Nucleus
-Location: next to lateral ventricle
-Part of STRIATUM (putamen + caudate)
Fxn: voluntary skeletal muscle movement
Loops: oculomotor, goal directed, social behavior
Internal capsule
White matter of cerebellum?
Arbor Vitae
1
Anterior lobe of cerebellum
Anterior lobe of cerebellum
primary fissure of cerebellum
separates anterior and posterior lobe
Posterior lobe of cerebellum
Cerebellum tonsil
part of posterior lobe
central herniation = pushes on tonsil and pusehs through foramen magnum
cerebellar tonsil
3
flocculonodular lobe
-between posterior lobe and brainstem
-formed by nodule of vermis reaching the B flocculi
fxn: receives input from primary vestibular afferents –> eye mvmt, equilibrium, balance
Vermis
connects R and L hemispheres of cerebellum
fxn: influences mvmt along axis of body and medial tract
includes: fastigial nuclei
what’s the blue?
Vermis
connects R and L hemispheres of cerebellum
fxn: influences mvmt along axis of body and medial tract
includes: fastigial nuclei
Paravermal/intermediate area
-lateral to vermis
fxn: influences LATERAL motor tract (vermis does MEDIAL)
-interposed nuclei here
-projects to cerebral cortex via thalamus
Paravermal/intermediate area
-lateral to vermis
fxn: influences LATERAL motor tract (vermis does MEDIAL)
-interposed nuclei here
-projects to cerebral cortex via thalamus
A
Fastigial nucleus
B and D
Dentate
C
Interposed nuceli
(Emboliform and globuse)
a part of: spinocerebellum, paravermis
dentate nucleus
-location: most lateral nuclei
-fxn: fine control, skilled mvmt, complex spatial and temporal movement
-part of cerebrocerebellum
Cerebrocerebellum
spinocerebellum
Vestibulocerebellum
(flocculonodular lobe)
fxn: balance, eye mvmt, receives ipsilateral info about head and gravity
damage = ataxia, nystagmus
angular gyrus
location: in inferior parietal lobe
fxn:
-complex language!!!!
-spatial cognition
-attn
-# procesing
corona radiata
-white matter
-carries afferent and efferent
-continues inferiorly as INTERNAL CAPSULE
-continues superiorly as CENTRUM SEMIOVALE
Primary motor cortex
A?
C?
A- Supplementary motor
C- Pre-motor
Broca’s area
Location: L frontal lobe (in most)
fxn: speech production (motor)
damage: aphasia where you know what you want to say but can’t get it out/lack motor ability
Wernicke’s area
Location: L temporal parietal/primary auditory cortex
Fx : language comprehension (spoken, written, sign)
Damage: aphasia where you have trouble comprehending others/can speak but it is usually not making sense
primary visual cortex
secondary visual cortex
arcuate fasciculus
bundle of axons that connects Wernickes and Broca’s areas
What cortex is represented by the red highlighted area?
primary auditory cortex
A- Primary auditory cortex fxn: awareness of intensity of sounds
B- Secondary auditory cortex fxn: CATEGORIZE sounds
primary somatosensory cortex
What is
What do
Dorsal Stream
Identifies location/movement of objects
Ventral stream
recognizes objects
Pretectum
-coord eye mvmts during smooth pursuit
-reflex cntrol of pupil/lens
dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
self awareness
executive functions - decision making, motor plan, goals, multitask, inhibit
3
parietotemporal association cortex
-intelligence
-problem solving
-understanding communication
-plan mvmt
A- Medial dorsal prefrontal cortex : perceives others emotions
B- Ventral prefrontal cortex: your own emotions
calcarine fissure
separates cuneus and lingual in occipital lobe of primary visual cortex
A- Cuneus- lower quad of eyes
B- Lingula - Upper quad of eyes
superior rectus
CN3
Inferior Rectus
CN3
Left Eye of Pt
Medial Rectus
CN3
Left Eye of Pt
Lateral Rectus
CN 6
superior oblique
CN 4
Inferior oblique
CN 3
Frontal eye field of cortex
What are the folds of the cerebellum called
Folia
What are the red arrows pointing to?
cerebellar peduncles
Utricle/Saccule
Tympanum
Centrum Semiovale
take special note of this one! - peer mentors
optic chiasm
pituitary gland
Sella turcica
(contains posterior pituitary gland)
parietal occiptial sulcus
What lobe does the highlighted blue part correspond with?
occipital lobe
temporal lobe
caudate nucleus
fornix
what is 8?
superior colliculus
6?
hippocampus
function: memory, learning, emotion
