misc for exam 1

Question 1

biomechanics (def)

Answer 1

the study of mechanical laws relating to human movement

Question 2

human nutrition (def)

Answer 2

study of nutrients + other substances in food related to human physiology, health, performance, etc.

Question 3

recouperation is BLANK term

Answer 3

SHORT term

Question 4

reversibility is BLANK term

Answer 4

LONG term

Question 5

anatomy (def)

Answer 5

the study of structures of organism and their relationship to one another

Question 6

flexion and extension occur in what plane?

Answer 6

sagital plane

Question 7

ADduction and ABduction occur in what plane

Answer 7

frontal plane

Question 8

horizontal ADduction and horizontal ABduction occur in what plane

Answer 8

sagital plane

Question 9

two parts of skelital system

Answer 9

1) axial skeliton
2) apendicular skeliton

Question 10

what bone(s) make up the skull and associated bones

Answer 10

skull + mandible

Question 11

skull + mandible =

Answer 11

skull + associated bones

Question 12

what bone(s) make up the thoracic cage

Answer 12

sternum + ribs

Question 13

ribs + sternum =

Answer 13

thoracic cage

Question 14

what bone(s) make up vertebral column

Answer 14

vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx

Question 15

vertebrae + sacrum + coccyx =

Answer 15

vertebral column

Question 16

what bone(s) make up pectoral girdle

Answer 16

clavicle + scapula

Question 17

clavicle + scapula =

Answer 17

pectoral girdle

Question 18

what bone(s) make up upper limb

Answer 18

humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals, philanges

Question 19

humerus + radius + ulna + carpal bones + metacarpals + philanges =

Answer 19

upper limb

Question 20

what bone(s) make up pelvic girdle

Answer 20

hip bones

Question 21

what bone(s) make up lower limb

Answer 21

femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals, philanges

Question 22

origen (def)

Answer 22

a muscle’s fixed attachement point

Question 23

insertion (def)

Answer 23

a muscle’s moving attachement point

Question 24

2 phases of dynamic muscle action(s)

Answer 24

concentric and eccentric

Question 25

distance (on monark cycle ergometer)

Answer 25

pedal revolutions * 6m

Question 26

glycolysis (def)

Answer 26

the breakdown of glucose (carbohydrates) into two PYRUVATE molecules

Question 27

RER has no units and is ALWAYS rounded to BLANK decimal places

Answer 27

2 decimal places

Question 28

what enzyme are triglicerides broken down by

Answer 28

LIPASE

Question 29

process of breaking down lipids

Answer 29

lipolysis

Question 30

ATP power (def)

Answer 30

amount of ATP a system can produce per unit of time

Question 31

how many ATP does 1 16-carbon FFA produce (beta oxidation)

Answer 31

130 ATP (net)

Question 32

ATP capacity (def)

Answer 32

total ability of pathway or substrate to produce ATP, independant of time

Question 33

ATP capacity and ATP power have a BLANK relationship

Answer 33

an inverse relationship

Question 34

for each L of O2 consumed, BLANK kcal of energy is burned

Answer 34

1L = 5kcal used

Question 35

estimated VO2 rest for everyone

Answer 35

3.5 mL/kg/min

Question 36

lactate accumulation is caused by (5)

Answer 36

1) recruitment of FG fibers during high-intensity work (MAIN REASON BY FAR)

2) insufficient muscle oxygen levels in electron transport chain
3) accelerated anaerobic glycolysis
4) insuficient lactate buffering
5) insuficient rate of lactate oxidations by other fibers (lactate shuttle)

Question 37

low intensity exercise is WHAT percent of VO2 max (relative)

Answer 37

<30-40% VO2MAX

Question 38

moderate to high intensity exercise is WHAT percent of VO2 max (relative)

Answer 38

> 40-50% VO2MAX

Question 39

substrate ‘crossover’ effect (def)

Answer 39

the switch from primarily fat utilization to primarily carb utilization during exercise

Question 40

benefits of resistance training (8)

Answer 40

1) increased functional strength
2) favorable changes in body composition
3) counters effects of type 2 diabetes
4) increases bone-mineral density
5) improved blood-cholesterol levels (more HDL, less LDL)
6) decreased resting blood pressure
7) reduced risk of low back pain
8) decreased risk of injury during physical activity

Question 41

what is the most likely mechanism of cross-education

Answer 41

CNS activity (crossing over of neural fibers etc)