misc for exam 1 Flashcards
biomechanics (def)
the study of mechanical laws relating to human movement
human nutrition (def)
study of nutrients + other substances in food related to human physiology, health, performance, etc.
recouperation is BLANK term
SHORT term
reversibility is BLANK term
LONG term
anatomy (def)
the study of structures of organism and their relationship to one another
flexion and extension occur in what plane?
sagital plane
ADduction and ABduction occur in what plane
frontal plane
horizontal ADduction and horizontal ABduction occur in what plane
sagital plane
two parts of skelital system
1) axial skeliton
2) apendicular skeliton
what bone(s) make up the skull and associated bones
skull + mandible
skull + mandible =
skull + associated bones
what bone(s) make up the thoracic cage
sternum + ribs
ribs + sternum =
thoracic cage
what bone(s) make up vertebral column
vertebrae, sacrum, coccyx
vertebrae + sacrum + coccyx =
vertebral column
what bone(s) make up pectoral girdle
clavicle + scapula
clavicle + scapula =
pectoral girdle
what bone(s) make up upper limb
humerus, radius, ulna, carpal bones, metacarpals, philanges
humerus + radius + ulna + carpal bones + metacarpals + philanges =
upper limb
what bone(s) make up pelvic girdle
hip bones
what bone(s) make up lower limb
femur, patella, tibia, fibula, tarsal bones, metatarsals, philanges
origen (def)
a muscle’s fixed attachement point
insertion (def)
a muscle’s moving attachement point
2 phases of dynamic muscle action(s)
concentric and eccentric
distance (on monark cycle ergometer)
pedal revolutions * 6m
glycolysis (def)
the breakdown of glucose (carbohydrates) into two PYRUVATE molecules
RER has no units and is ALWAYS rounded to BLANK decimal places
2 decimal places
what enzyme are triglicerides broken down by
LIPASE
process of breaking down lipids
lipolysis
ATP power (def)
amount of ATP a system can produce per unit of time
how many ATP does 1 16-carbon FFA produce (beta oxidation)
130 ATP (net)
ATP capacity (def)
total ability of pathway or substrate to produce ATP, independant of time
ATP capacity and ATP power have a BLANK relationship
an inverse relationship
for each L of O2 consumed, BLANK kcal of energy is burned
1L = 5kcal used
estimated VO2 rest for everyone
3.5 mL/kg/min
lactate accumulation is caused by (5)
1) recruitment of FG fibers during high-intensity work (MAIN REASON BY FAR)
2) insufficient muscle oxygen levels in electron transport chain
3) accelerated anaerobic glycolysis
4) insuficient lactate buffering
5) insuficient rate of lactate oxidations by other fibers (lactate shuttle)
low intensity exercise is WHAT percent of VO2 max (relative)
<30-40% VO2MAX
moderate to high intensity exercise is WHAT percent of VO2 max (relative)
> 40-50% VO2MAX
substrate ‘crossover’ effect (def)
the switch from primarily fat utilization to primarily carb utilization during exercise
benefits of resistance training (8)
1) increased functional strength
2) favorable changes in body composition
3) counters effects of type 2 diabetes
4) increases bone-mineral density
5) improved blood-cholesterol levels (more HDL, less LDL)
6) decreased resting blood pressure
7) reduced risk of low back pain
8) decreased risk of injury during physical activity
what is the most likely mechanism of cross-education
CNS activity (crossing over of neural fibers etc)
