day 16 - gas exchange and shit Flashcards
what causes cramps
caused by microtears/damage to muscle tissue and then Ca2+ leaking from the sarcoplasmic reticulum which causes involuntary muscle contraction (cramp)
2 locations of gas exchange
1) between lung/alvioli and blood
2) between blood + working tissue(s)
explain arteriovenous difference
O2 moves into cells from blood even faster (than at rest) because difference of partial pressures between the cells and the blood is greater so the driving force of O2 going into the cell is stronger
how is oxygen transported in blood
99% is bound to hemoglobin
hemoglobin can cary BLANKmLO2/g hemoglobin
1.34 mLO2/g hemoglobin
CO2 transported in blood
1) disolved in plasma
2) bound to hemoglobin to go back to lungs (20%)
3) as bicarbonate (60-80%)
reaction that happens at lungs for experation (getting Co2 out of blood)
bicarbonate + H+ turns into water (goes into blood plasma) and Co2 (exhaled)
what is the product of bicarbonate buffering lactate
CO2
RER over 1.00
CO2 release in alvioli
- ppCO2 is lower in alvioli then blood, CO2 difuses into alvioli
- H+ released from hemoglobin as O2 is bound (H+ promotes conversion of bicarbonate back into water and Co2)
- CO2 bound to hemoglobin leaves threw alvioli, new O2 molecule attaches
linear increase in ventilation up until BLANK % VO2max
50-70% VO2 max
at a steady workrate: initial ventilation increases BLANKly then a slower rise toward BLANK
increases rapidly then slowly rises toward steady state
ventilatory threshold (def)
inflection point where Ve increases exponentially
related to lactate threshold
anaerobic threshold (def)
lactate and ventilatory thresholds
what causes the rapid increase in lactate accumulation and ventilation rate
recruitment of FG fibers
during incremental exercise: ventilation increases BLANKly until one reaches BLANK
increasese linearly until one reaches/hits their ventilatory threshold
