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AIM - Cardio > Misc > Flashcards

Misc Flashcards

1
Q

missense mutation B-myosin heavy chain

A

hypertrophic CM

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2
Q

mutation in cytoskeletal myocyte proteins

A

dilated CM

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3
Q

diffuse ST elevation (in all leads)

A

pericarditis

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4
Q

PR depression, diffuse ST elevations…

later: T wave inversions

A

pericarditis

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5
Q

Square root sign (dip & plateau)

A

constrictive pericarditis

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6
Q

mechanism of nitrates

A

increase cGMP

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7
Q

nitrates effect on O2 demand

A

DECREASES by:
-vasodilation decreases preload/afterload

Increases by:
-reflex tachycardia

(net decrease)

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8
Q

effect of aspirin?

A

decreases blood viscosity :: decreases O2 demand

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9
Q

do not give _____ with PDE-5 inhibitors

A

do not give NITRATES with PDE-5 inhibitors

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10
Q

acebutolol, pindolol

A
  • B blockers

- have ISA (intrinsic sympathetic activity) :: do NOT give for angina (will increase HR, incr O2 demand)

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11
Q

anterior MI has ST elevation in which leads?

A

V2-V4
I
aVL

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12
Q

inferior MI has ST elevation in which leads?

A

II, III

aVF

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13
Q

downward sloping ST segment depression

A

ischemia

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14
Q

feared outcome of QT prolongation? which drugs?

A

Torsade de Pointes

Class Ia, III (block K+ channels)

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15
Q

rubella associated with

A

patent ductus arteriosus

Pulm artery stenosis

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16
Q

use dependent drugs

A

Class I AA (all)

work better at higher HR

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17
Q

reverse use dependence drugs

A

Class III AA

work better at slower HR

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18
Q

Which AA drugs work on ventricles only?

A

Class Ib

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19
Q

use of calcium channel blockers, non DHP

A

block AV node

SVTs

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20
Q

use of calcium channel blockers, DHP

A

hypertension

chronic stable angina

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21
Q

use of Class Ia drugs

A

procainamide for WPW

22
Q

use of Class Ib drugs

A

lidocaine for V Tach

23
Q

use of Class Ic drugs

A

A Fib if normal heart structure

24
Q

digoxin toxicity

A

delayed after depolarization (V Tach)

25
Q

drugs to lower LDL-C, especially in patients with established ASCVD

A

PCSK9 inhibitors

Ezetemibe

26
Q

fish oil, fibrates, niacin

A

lower triglycerides, raise HDL-C

small LDL lowering effect

27
Q

P2Y12 blocker

A

prevents ADP mediated platelet aggregation

28
Q

type 1 MI

A

acute thrombotic occlusion

29
Q

type 2 MI

A

inadequate oxygen supply

NO THROMBUS
vasospasm, plaque, supply demand imbalance

30
Q

Limb threatened ischemia

A 
5 Ps
Pulselessness
Pallor
Pain
Paralysis
Paresthesia
31
Q

Tx for chronic claudication

A
  • smoking cessation
  • muscle training
  • PDE-5 inhibitor (vasodilate)
  • statin
  • surgery (stent/bypass)
32
Q

Type A aortic dissection treatment

A

urgent surgical repair

high risk of rupture/death in 48 hrs

33
Q

Type B aortic dissection treatment

A

medical therapy

surgery only for critical tissue loss

34
Q

HFrEF

A

systolic heart failure

  • reduced contractility due to loss of functional myocardium
  • dilated LV cavity
  • can progress to cardiogenic shock
35
Q

causes of HFrEF

A
  • pressure overload (HTN, AS)
  • volume overload (AR, MR)
  • toxic
  • genetic
  • post viral
36
Q

HFpEF

A

diastolic heart failure

  • LVEF >50%
  • LV hypertrophy with abnormal diastolic relaxation
37
Q

causes of HFpEF

A
  • hypertrophic CM (primary)

- HTN, DM, obesity (secondary)

38
Q

Tx of CHRONIC HF

A
  • ACEi
  • Beta blockers
  • ARBs
  • ICD (esp w HFrEF)

Other (no mortality benefit)

  • restrict Na
  • digoxin
39
Q

Tx of ACUTE HF

A
  • diuretics
  • vasodilators (nitrates reduce preload, ACEi reduce afterload)
  • inotropic agents increase contractility
  • oxygen
  • ventricular assist devices
  • transplant
40
Q

hypovolemic shock

A

low preload (reduced RA pressure)

-GI bleed, diarrhea

41
Q

cardiogenic shock

A

loss of contractility (reduced CO)

-large MI, acute valvular disorder

42
Q

septic shock

A

-systemic vasodilation, dehydration (low SVR)

43
Q

obstructive shock

A

blockage prevents blood flow (increases PA pressure)

-PE

44
Q

fixed split S2

A

ASD

45
Q

RV heave

A

ASD

46
Q

harsh systolic murmur and palpable thrill

A

VSD

47
Q

continuous murmur during systole and diastole

A

PDA

females, maternal rubella, lithium

48
Q

friction rub

A

pericarditis

49
Q

pulsus paradoxicus

A

cardiac tamponade

Incr venous return to RV with inspiration.
RV cannot expand outward normally.
Septum deviates instead.
LV fills left due to septal deviation.
Decreased systolic pressure with inspiration.

50
Q

S3

A

associated with high LA pressure –> L HF

51
Q

S4

A

associated with LV –> diastolic heart failure

AIM - Cardio (16 decks)

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