EKG Flashcards
Normal QRS axis
-30 and +100
PR interval
120-200 ms (3-5 small boxes)
QRS interval
<80 ms (2 small boxes or less)
QT interval
<1/2 R-R interval
QTC
QT int/sq rt(R-R)
~400 ms
PR interval boundaries
from start of P to start of Q
narrow PR
pre-excitation
Prolonged PR
more than one big box
LVH
inc QRS amp
amp of S-wave (v1) + R-wave (V5. V6) >35mm (7 big boxes) OR amp of R-wave in aVL >11mm OR amp of R-wave in l>15mm
Inc QRS
LVH
(systemic HTN
AV stenosis
HCM)
dynamic ST elevation
acute MI
pericarditis
stable ST elevation
LV aneurysm, LBBB
sudden ST depression
sudden myocardium ischemia
chronic ST depression
LVH
anterior STEMI
leads
I
aVL
V2-V4
inferior STEMI
leads
II
III
aVF
T wave inversion
recent bout of myocardial ischemia
first degree AV block
PR int > 200 ms
progressive inc PR then non-conducted
second degree AV block
Mobitz I AV block
Wenkebach
fixed PR then non-conducted
second degree AV block
Mobitz II
regular R-R intervals
varying P waves
narrow QRS
third degree AV block
complete block
w/ AV escape
regular R-R intervals
varying P waves
wide QRS
third degree AV block
complete block
w/ ventricle escape (UNSTABLE)
QRS >120 ms
sinus or supra ventricular rhythm
RBBB or LBBB
QRS >120 ms
sinus or supra ventricular rhythm
RsR’ (V1-2)
RBBB
rabbit ears
QRS >120 ms
sinus or supra ventricular rhythm
negative wave in V1
LBBB
preceded by P-wave
usu narrow QRS
may not conduct to ventricle
resets SA
supraventricular PAC
no p-wave
wide QRS
may not conduct to atrium
usu no effect on SA
ventricular PVC
bigeminy
alternating normal beat and premature beat
irregularly irregular
A-fib
saw-tooth
atrial flutter
saw tooth=p’s
AV reciprocating Tacyhcardia
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome
“Bypass tract”: connecting atria to ventricle
“preexcitation” of ventricle by bypass track (in addition to activation by AV node pathway)
____ tachyarrhythmias are responsive to electrical cardioversion
ventricular
monomorphic VT
wide complex tachycardia, similar QRS
wide bc VT lacks coordinate electrical activities of ventricles
reentry arrhythmia from one area of ventricle (often prior myovcardial infection scar)
polymorphic VT
wide complex tachycardia, variable QRS
acute ischemia, meds that prolong QT
can progress to Vfib
TORSADES DE POINTES
drugs, dec K/Mg, congenital abnml
Tx: Mg sulfate
SVT w/ aberrancy
can have wide QRS if BBB
AV association (P before QRS)
wide QRS (>120ms) can be
V tach (monomorphic or polymorphic)
or
supraventricular w/ BBB
first degree AV block tx
benign, no tx needed
lyme disease
third-degree AV block (complete)
P waves and QRS complex dissociation
atria rate>ventricle rate
complete AV block
delta wave
short PR
WPW
wide complex
irregular
tachycardic
a fib in WPW
torsade de pointes
ventricular tachycardia w/ prolonged QT
triggered by a PVC at this time
muscle weakness
U waves
hypOkalemia
hypERkalemia
peaked T waves
peaked T waves
hypERkalemia
confusion
vol depletion
short QT
hypERcalcemia
muscle spasms
tetany
prolonged QT
hypOcalcemia
