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AIM - Cardio > Cardiovascular PD > Flashcards

Cardiovascular PD Flashcards

1
Q

aortic stenosis

A 
harsh
systolic
crescendo-decrescendo
aortic area (R 2nd intercostal)
radiates to carotid area

severe findings: late-peaking murmur, soft/lost S2, pulsus parvus et tardus (weak/small carotid upstroke)

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2
Q

aortic regurgitation

A 
blowing 
diastolic
decrescendo
Erb's point
heard best leaning forward
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3
Q

mitral regurgitation

A 
harsh 
systolic
holosystolic (plateau)
heard at apex (mitral)
radiates to left axilla
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4
Q

mitral stenosis

A 
loud S1 w opening snap
rumbling 
diastolic
heard best on expiration
at apex
L lateral decubitus

time to opening snap=associated w/ severity

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5
Q

pericardial friction rub

A

High frequency scratching noise.
Mainly in L precordial area.
Exacerbated by inspiration, leaning forward, left lateral decubitus position.
Inflammation of pericardium causes friction in walls which generates noise

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6
Q

pulse amplitude scale

A

0: no palpable pulse
1+: diminished (weak, thready)
2+: normal, brisk, expected
3+: bounding, hyperdynamic

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7
Q

dicrotic notch forms from

A

aortic valve closing

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8
Q

a wave

A

increase in R atrial pressure produced by R atrial contraction

less robust (unless pathologic)

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9
Q

c wave

A

start of systole.

Tricuspid closes and bulges into atrium.

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10
Q

x descent

A

decrease in R atrial pressure.

Caused by R atrial relaxation

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11
Q

v wave

A

Increase in R atrial pressure.

Due to filling with blood from IVC during ventricular systole (tricuspid closed)

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12
Q

y descent

A

Decrease in R atrial pressure due to opening of tricuspid valve at end of ventricular systole

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13
Q

diaphragm

A

High Pitched.

S1, S2, some murmurs, friction rubs.

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14
Q

bell

A

Low Pitch.

SD3, S4, some murmurs

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15
Q

S1 sound

A

start of ventricular contraction.

Closure of AV valves (T, M)

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16
Q

S2 sound

A

End of ventricular contraction.

Closure of semilunar valves (aortic, pulmonic)

17
Q

S3 sound

A

Low pitched sound in early diastole.
Follows S2.
Rapid filling of dilated ventricle causing AV apparatus to tense and vibrate.
May be normal in young adults.

VOLUME OVERLOAD TO VENTRICLE

18
Q

S4 sound

A

Low pitched sound in late diastole.
Precedes S1.
Aorta contracting forcefully against a STIFF VENTRICLE

19
Q

intensity scale of cardiac murmurs

A

1: very faint, may not be heard in all positions
2: quiet but recognizable
3: moderately loud
4: loud murmur with palpable thrill
5: loud with palpable thrill, heard w only rim of stethoscope on chest
6: very loud, heard with stethoscope off chest

20
Q

hepatojugular reflex

A

For volume overload.

Pressure on RUQ –> blood flows up jugular vein

21
Q

resonant percussion sound

A

Air.

Ex: over lung

22
Q

dull percussion sound

A

solid

ex: over heart

23
Q

how can you enhance a murmur?

A

have patient do valsalva maneuver

24
Q

Symptoms of cardiac disease (ask these questions to anyone complaining of chest pain)

A 
Palpitations.
Dyspneas (SOB: resting or exertional).
Syncope.
Fatigue.
Dependent edema.
Cyanosis.
25
Q

Korotkoff Sounds

A 
I: 2 consectutive beats (systolic BP)
II: soft, longer sounds
III: loud, crisp sounds
IV: begins to muffle
V: sounds disappear (diastolic BP)
26
Q

systolic murmurs

A 
aortic stenosis
mitral regurgitation
pulmonic stenosis
tricuspid regurgitation
hypertrophic cardiomyopathy 
ventricular septal defect
27
Q

diastolic murmurs

A

aortic regurg
mitral stenosis
pulmonic regurg
tricuspid stenosis

28
Q

continuous

A

PDA

29
Q

holosystolic

A

mitral regurg
tricuspid regurg
VSD

30
Q

how to differentiate aortic stenosis and HCM

A

valsalva inc HCM, dec aortic stenosis

31
Q

VSD

A

holosystolic (sim to MR)

32
Q

holosystolic murmurs

A

mitral regurg
tricuspid regurgitation
VSD

33
Q

young otherwise healthy female

A

MVP

34
Q

Marfan’s

A

MVP

35
Q

immigrant

pregnant

A

mitral stenosis

36
Q

IV drug abuser

A

tricuspid regurg

37
Q

Turner syndrome or aortic coarctation

A

bicuspid AV
early stenosis
aortic regurgitation

38
Q

how to differentiate systolic click and opening snal

A

mitral valve disorders

  • proCLICK
  • stenoSNAP

AIM - Cardio (16 decks)

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