Cardiomyopathies Flashcards
1
Q
dilated CM
A
“congestive CM”
- systolic dysfunction
- AD mutations in cytoskeletal myocyte proteins
- Coxsackie virus
- flabby pale myocardium
- autoimmune disorders
- no HTN/valve disease/CAD
- need heart transplant
2
Q
alcoholic CM
A
- type of dilated CM
- alcohol and acetaldehyde
- reversible early in disease
3
Q
CM of pregnancy
A
- type of dilated CM
- high risk 3rd trimester, 6 m post partum
- discourage new pregnancies
- > 30 yrs, multiparity, black race, post partum HTN
4
Q
drug induced CM
A
- anthrancycline (post chemo)
- chronic, irreversible degeneration of myocytes
- vacuolar degeneration
- dilated CM
- depressed contractility
5
Q
arrhythmogenic RV CM
A
- inherited
- defective desmosomes
- arrhythmias cause sudden cardiac death
- thin RV (loss of myocytes, fatty infiltration, fibrosis)
6
Q
hypertrophic CM
A
- diastolic dysfunction
- AD missense mutations on sarcomere proteins
- septal hypertrophy decreases chamber size, blocks flow out
- diastolic heart failure
- mitral regurgitation
- myofiber disarray, hypertrophy
- sounds like aortic stenosis, but do maneuvers to distinguish
- S4
- paradoxical S2 split
7
Q
restrictive CM
A
- interstitial infiltration/fibrosis, storage diseases, endomyocardial diseases
- diastolic dysfunction
- unable to relax/refill
- dilated atria
- normal LVEF
- R HF symptoms (JVP, edema)
- Kussmal’s sign
- low voltage ECG
8
Q
amyloidosis
A
- type of restrictive CM
- isolated or systemic
- amorphous proteinaceous pink material (amyloid deposits)
- congo red stain
- apple green birefringence
- R sided HF symptoms
9
Q
hemachromatosis
A
- iron excess
- abnormal iron deposit in myocytes
- dilated CM usually (sometimes restrictive CM)
- blue on prussian blue
10
Q
sarcoidosis
A
- non necrotizing granulomatous inflammation
- dilated and restrictive CM
- multinucleated giant cells
- arrhythmias
11
Q
Fabry disease
A
- LSD
- alpha galactosidase deficiency
- ceramide trihexose accumulation
- RESTRICTIVE CM, sometimes hypertrophic CM
- diastolic dysfunction
12
Q
Post-radiation CM
A
- restrictive CM
- pericarditis acutely
- ECM deposition
- diastolic dysfunction
13
Q
Loeffler’s Syndrome
A
- restrictive CM
- hypereosinophilia
- myocarditis
- eos in endomyocardium (below blood in chambers) so high risk for thrombus/strokes
- eczema, lung involvement
14
Q
endocardial fibroelastosis
A
- endocardial thickening
- unknown cause
