misc. Flashcards
What are the 4 types of shock?
Cardiogenic, Extracardiac, Distributive, hypovolemic
Examples of distributive/disassociatve shock
decreased VR, sepsis, spinal cord injury, anaphylaxis, poison
Examples of extracardiac shock
cardiac tamponade, stroke, PE, pulmonary HTN, constricitve pericarditis
What is the shock index?
HR/Ps >1
What are the 5 SIRS criteria?
temp, pulse, resp, CO2, WBC
Shock without diaphoresis is typically which type?
Distributive/Dissacotiate
Which types of shock are due to lack of delivery?
Extracardiac, hypovolemic, cardiogenic - distributive is too much demand
What drugs decrease mortality in Systolic heart failure
ACE, ARB, spirolactone, cavedolol
What drugs should not be used in Diastolic heart failure?
no diuretics/vasodilators
What would a systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur be?
aortic stenosis
What are some symptoms of aortic stenosis?
angina, syncope, DOE
How do you treat mitral valve prolapse?
You monitor it - common in younger women.
When are holo-systolic murmurs heard?
Tricupsid insufficency and mitral regurgitation
How do you treat a Non-STEMI?
per cutaneous cardiac intervention and medication
What are the four most common causes of chest pain?
1 acute coronary syndrome (MI/angina)
2 PTX
3 PE
4 aortic dissection
What are the three types of angina?
stable, Prinzmetal (at rest), unstable
Possible treatments for STEMI coronary event?
FRAC - fibrinolytics, Rx, angioplasty, CABG
If you can’t give a patient ASA for acute coronary syndrone, give them this/
Clopidogrel
For a high risk cardio patient having angina treatment would include these steps.
Nitro, Heparin, repeat Troponin, repeat EKG
Some reasons for a false + troponin?
sepsis
kidney ds
a. fib
What are some examples of autonomic dysfunction causing syncope?
LBD - parkinson
secondary - diabetic, amyloid, spinal cord injury
How do you treat stable V tach vs unstable V tach?
unstable- cardiovert
stable- IV amiodarone, synchronize cardioversion, ICD, Beta blockers
What are some causes of neural syncope?
vasovagal (bowel movement, sight of blood), situational (cough), carotid sinus syncope (shaving, massage)
How do you treat stable V tach vs unstable V tach?
unstable- cardiovert
stable- IV amiodarone, synchronize cardioversion, ICD, Beta blockers
Loss of function of the (loop diuretic sensitive) NKCC2 transporter (and other transporters in the TAL) results in what disease?
Bartter’s syndrome salt wasting disease
Loss of function of the (thiazide sensitive) NaCl symporter in the distal tubule results in what disease?
Gitelman’s syndrome salt wasting diseas
Loss of function of lumenal ENAC channels in the distal tubule and collecting duct results in what disease ?
Type I pseudo-hypoaldosteronism (can’t get ENAC to membrane)
Gain of function of lumenal ENAC channels in the distal tubule and collecting duct results in what disease?
Liddle syndrome (can’t remove ENAC from membrane)
What things stimulate aldosterone release?
Ang II, low plasma Na+, high plasma K+, ACTH
What things stimulate renin release?
low Na+ diet/low body Na+ (at macula densa), hypovolemia, excessive SNS, low circulating Ang II
What are the four functions of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in a low Ca+2 state?
1 stimulates osteoclast bone resorption
2 stimulates vitamin D activation
3 stimulates Ca+2 re absorption (distal tubule)
4 reduce phosphate reabsorption
Lack of ADH production results in what disease?
primary or central diabetes insipidus
Overactive or loss of regulation of ADH production leads to what disease?
syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)
Mutation causing dysfunctional ADH receptors causes what disease?
secondary or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus
What effect does EtOH consumption have on your kidney function?
inhibits ADH secretion, mimicking diabetes insipidus
