misc. Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 types of shock?

A

Cardiogenic, Extracardiac, Distributive, hypovolemic

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2
Q

Examples of distributive/disassociatve shock

A

decreased VR, sepsis, spinal cord injury, anaphylaxis, poison

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3
Q

Examples of extracardiac shock

A

cardiac tamponade, stroke, PE, pulmonary HTN, constricitve pericarditis

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4
Q

What is the shock index?

A

HR/Ps >1

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5
Q

What are the 5 SIRS criteria?

A

temp, pulse, resp, CO2, WBC

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6
Q

Shock without diaphoresis is typically which type?

A

Distributive/Dissacotiate

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7
Q

Which types of shock are due to lack of delivery?

A

Extracardiac, hypovolemic, cardiogenic - distributive is too much demand

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8
Q

What drugs decrease mortality in Systolic heart failure

A

ACE, ARB, spirolactone, cavedolol

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9
Q

What drugs should not be used in Diastolic heart failure?

A

no diuretics/vasodilators

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10
Q

What would a systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur be?

A

aortic stenosis

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11
Q

What are some symptoms of aortic stenosis?

A

angina, syncope, DOE

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12
Q

How do you treat mitral valve prolapse?

A

You monitor it - common in younger women.

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13
Q

When are holo-systolic murmurs heard?

A

Tricupsid insufficency and mitral regurgitation

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14
Q

How do you treat a Non-STEMI?

A

per cutaneous cardiac intervention and medication

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15
Q

What are the four most common causes of chest pain?

A

1 acute coronary syndrome (MI/angina)
2 PTX
3 PE
4 aortic dissection

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16
Q

What are the three types of angina?

A

stable, Prinzmetal (at rest), unstable

17
Q

Possible treatments for STEMI coronary event?

A

FRAC - fibrinolytics, Rx, angioplasty, CABG

18
Q

If you can’t give a patient ASA for acute coronary syndrone, give them this/

A

Clopidogrel

19
Q

For a high risk cardio patient having angina treatment would include these steps.

A

Nitro, Heparin, repeat Troponin, repeat EKG

20
Q

Some reasons for a false + troponin?

A

sepsis
kidney ds
a. fib

21
Q

What are some examples of autonomic dysfunction causing syncope?

A

LBD - parkinson

secondary - diabetic, amyloid, spinal cord injury

22
Q

How do you treat stable V tach vs unstable V tach?

A

unstable- cardiovert

stable- IV amiodarone, synchronize cardioversion, ICD, Beta blockers

23
Q

What are some causes of neural syncope?

A

vasovagal (bowel movement, sight of blood), situational (cough), carotid sinus syncope (shaving, massage)

24
Q

How do you treat stable V tach vs unstable V tach?

A

unstable- cardiovert

stable- IV amiodarone, synchronize cardioversion, ICD, Beta blockers

25
Q

Loss of function of the (loop diuretic sensitive) NKCC2 transporter (and other transporters in the TAL) results in what disease?

A

Bartter’s syndrome salt wasting disease

26
Q

Loss of function of the (thiazide sensitive) NaCl symporter in the distal tubule results in what disease?

A

Gitelman’s syndrome salt wasting diseas

27
Q

Loss of function of lumenal ENAC channels in the distal tubule and collecting duct results in what disease ?

A

Type I pseudo-hypoaldosteronism (can’t get ENAC to membrane)

28
Q

Gain of function of lumenal ENAC channels in the distal tubule and collecting duct results in what disease?

A

Liddle syndrome (can’t remove ENAC from membrane)

29
Q

What things stimulate aldosterone release?

A

Ang II, low plasma Na+, high plasma K+, ACTH

30
Q

What things stimulate renin release?

A

low Na+ diet/low body Na+ (at macula densa), hypovolemia, excessive SNS, low circulating Ang II

31
Q

What are the four functions of PTH (parathyroid hormone) in a low Ca+2 state?

A

1 stimulates osteoclast bone resorption
2 stimulates vitamin D activation
3 stimulates Ca+2 re absorption (distal tubule)
4 reduce phosphate reabsorption

32
Q

Lack of ADH production results in what disease?

A

primary or central diabetes insipidus

33
Q

Overactive or loss of regulation of ADH production leads to what disease?

A

syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

34
Q

Mutation causing dysfunctional ADH receptors causes what disease?

A

secondary or nephrogenic diabetes insipidus

35
Q

What effect does EtOH consumption have on your kidney function?

A

inhibits ADH secretion, mimicking diabetes insipidus