Cardiac abn Flashcards
2 type of valve problems?
Dont open fully, dont close
If the hydrostatic pressure increases what symptom may be seen?
If hydrostatic pressure greater than oncotic than edema will occur.
What deviation on EKG is seen in Aortic stenosis?
Left axis deviation
Consequence of aortic stenosis?
High ventricular afterload and systolic murmur
What pressure is greatly increased in a mitral stenosis?`
Left Atrial Pressure
This kind of valve abnormality causes both types of murmurs?
Aortic insufficiency
When you have aortic insuffiency you will often have this other type of abnormality.
Aortic stenosis
What is the change in ejection fraction from aortic insufficiency?
Decreased due to blood trickling back into ventricle.
In which valve abnormality is prolapse common?
Mitral regurgitation
Describe why a non-transmural cardiac injury changes the ST portion of an EKG
Underlyign current directed towards + pole increases the baseline voltage which causes the ST segment to appear depressed/
Why is the ST segment elevated in full transmural cardiac injuries?
The current moves lateral to the + pole and decreases the baseline voltage which makes ST appear elevated.
In which abnormality are no P waves shown on an EKG?
A fib
What is the most dangerous and fatal arrhythmia?
V fib
How long does a QT segment have to be to be considered prolonged?
longer than 50% of cardiac cycle
When is widening of QRS seen on EKG?
bundle branch block and V tach
