CV Infectious Disease Flashcards
What tests would you run if you suspected Rheumatic Heart Disease?
Blood test
Throat culture
Echo Chest
x-ray
EKG
Viruses known to cause Myocarditis
Coxsackievirus B
Adenovirus
Which bacteria are beta hemolytic?
Alpha hemolytic?
Strep pyogenes
Staph aureus and strep viridans
If a patient comes in with petichea, splinter hemorrages, fatigue, roth’s spots and a high fever what would you suspect?
Acute endocarditis
What are the symptoms of Myocarditis?
Pericarditis
Chest pain and abnormal heart rhythum
Chest pain only
1 treatment for illness caused by Rickesttsi ricketsii
Doxycyclin
What is the route of transmission for the viruses that cause pericarditis?
Name them
Fecal-oral Coxsackie A and B, Echo virus
(Influenza - resp. droplets)
Name symptom(s) that distinguishes acute and sub-acute endocarditis
Fever over 105 , distal sepsis, fast progression(acute) Splenamegoly, indolent (subacute)
Describe symptoms of Rheumatic Heart Disease. When does it occur?
Circular rash with lumps mitral stenosis pain and swelling of large joints fever, weakness, myalgia SOB chest pain n/v Usually occurs 2-4 weeks after an untreated strep throat
Name the 5 minor diagnostic criteria for endocarditis
- predisposition
- fever over 100.3
- vascular problems (Janeway lesions)
- immune signs (Roth spot’s, rhematoid factor, Osler’s nodes)
- 1 (+) blood culture
How would you treat Rheumatic Heart Disease
Penicillin, ASA, steroids, rest
Most common cause of endocarditis in IV drug users
Staph Aureus
When treating endocarditis when would you not use bacitracin
Strep viridans (mutans)
Name the 2 major diagnostic criteria for endocarditis
- 2 or more (+) blood cultures
- Endocardial sign like valve regurgation or (+) echo
Name the 3 most common bacterial causes of endocarditis
Staph aureas
Strep Viridans (mutans)
Enterococcus
When treating endocarditis when would penicillin be contraindicated?
Causative agent - Enterococcus
Which bacteria are catalase (-)?
Strep mutans
Strep pyogenes
What pathogens cause Myocarditis
Coxsackievirus B
adenovirus (kids)
What organisms can cause subacute endocarditis?
Strep viridans
Enterococcus
Staph aureus and strep pyogenes are more likely to cause this type of endocarditis?
Acute Endocarditis
What is the most likely causative agent for a patient with endocarditits and a pre-existing mitral valve problem?
Strep. mutans
Describe how a patient develops Rheumatic Heart Disease
Untreated strep pyogenes pharyngitis leads to autoantibodies to meromycin resulting in heart and mitral valve damage
Name some drugs used to treat endocarditis
(All bactericidal peptiodoglycan inhibitors)
Penicillin G
Ceftriaxone
Vanco
Gentimycin
Ampillicin
Cefazoline
Name some virulence factors of staph aureus
biofilm
coagluase (+)
catalase (+)
capsule adhesion
MRSA
pathogenicity islands
Protein A
alpha hemolysins
A patient presents with fever, headache, and a rash originating on hand feets and now spread to chest. What do you supsect?
RMSF
