Cardiac Congenital Abnormalities Flashcards
What are the three main types of congenital cardiac abnormalities?
L to R shunt, R to L shunt, obstructions
What does it mean to describe “blue babies” vs “blue kids” clinically?
blue babies have congenital abnormalities which will cause cyanosis immediately or shortly after birth (R to L shunt) while blue kids have congenital abnormalities that cause cyanosis later in life (L to R shunt)
What is the most common congenital heart defect?
VSD
Which L to R shunts are associated with Down’s syndrome?
ASD and VSD
Re-absorption of the primary septum, not enough secondary septum, not enough primary septum, and cyanosis venousus (?) are causes of what congenital cardiac defect?
ASD
What are the main complications of ASD and how do you prevent them?
pulmonary HTN leads to cyanosis and RV cardiac failure
and paradoxical embolism,
surgical closure
What are the causes of VSD?
not enough endocardial cushion to make up the membranous or muscular portions of the inter-ventricular septum
What L to R shunt defect is associated with maternal Rubella?
Patent ductus arteriosus- closes by itself by day 30 usually
Describe some of the complications of PDA and how to treat it
blood flows from aorta to PA, cardiac enlargement, increased pulmonary vascularity, machinery-like “thrill” sound, more common infectious endocarditis;
tx w/ surgery, catheter insertion of occluder, if infant/premie use ibuprofen to block PGE2 to fibrose the duct
Name the three R to L “blue baby” congenital abnormalities
tetralogy of fallot
transposition of great arteries
persistent truncus arteriosus
Which defects are associated with di george syndrome?
Tetralogy of fallot and persistent truncus arteriosus
Transposition of the great arteries is fatal upon birth unless what other defect is present?
PDA
What is the cause of TGA?
aortico-pulmonary septum doesn’t spiral
Failure of aortico pulmonary septum to form VSD are causes for what R to L shunt defect?
persistent truncus arteriosus
TGA is associated with what maternal condition?
diabetes
Turner’s syndrome is associated with what congenital cardiac obstruction?
Coarctation of the aorta
What are the main clinical signs for coarctation of the aorta and treatments?
increased BP in arms while decreased in legs, notched ribs from increased intercostal blood flow, early CHF, CVA or rupture
tx exicision with bypass or balloon angioplasty
What congenital cardiac defect is caused by an asymmetrical spiraling of the aorticopulmoary septum and is associated with Marfan’s syndrome?
pulmonary/aortic stenosis/atresia
usu lower body cyanosis
What are the causes of tetralogy of fallot and what is it?
VSD, pulmonary stenosis, ovverriding aorta, RV hypertrophy leads to murmur/paradoxical embolism/infective endocarditis
