Chest Cavity Embryology

Question 1

Describe 2 reason that the cephalocaudal fold is important in early embryology

Answer 1

1. Moves heart into thoracic area

2. Moves transverse septum

Question 2

What does lateral folding do?

Answer 2

Forms walls of the trunk via somatic mesoderm

Question 3

Describe 3 forms of lateral fold defects

Answer 3

Ectopic cardi - heart exposed
umbilicial hernina - epi or hypogastric
Extrophy of bladder - bladder on outside

Question 4

what layers does the somatic mesoderm become?

Answer 4

parietal layer of the serous cavity of fibrous pericardium

Question 5

What does the splanchic membrane become?

Answer 5

The visceral layer of the serous membrane of pericardium

Question 6

Why is the transverse septum so important to the developing fetus?

Answer 6

Because it carries the myoblasts of somites 3,4,5 that become the nerve supply to the diaphragm. also becomes the central tendon of the diaphragm

Question 7

What 2 nerves innervate the diaphragm?

Answer 7

phrenic nerve and lower intercostal nerves

Question 8

Name the congential defect where patients may have hypoplastic lung and heart displaced to the right

Answer 8

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 9

What is eventration of diaphragm?

Answer 9

No innervation to the diaphragm as myoblasts dont migrate with transverse septem

Question 10

In an esophageal hiatal this part of the body comes above the diaphragm

Answer 10

stomach

Question 11

The pleuropericardial fold is important because it helps forms these important structures

Answer 11

fibrous pericardium, pleuropericardia membrane and pleural cavity

Question 12

the pleuropericardia membrane becomes this structure, when incomplete this defect is possible

Answer 12

lumbocostal triangle, congenital diaphragmatic hernia