MIDTERMS - HUMAN FACTORS Flashcards
Due to operating aircraft engines or auxiliary power units (APUs), moving vehicles, and other noises, the ___ area is obviously noisy.
AIRPORT RAMP
Noise levels that are higher than ___ are not uncommon and can result in hearing loss if continuous exposure occurs.
85-90 DB
It is likely that they should always have some sort of hearing protection on them and, generally speaking, wear it while they are in an area where regular conversation is not audible at a distance of ___
2 meters or less.
Additional ____ impacts include variations in heart rate and blood pressure, fatigue, headaches, and gastrointestinal issues including ulcers.
Physiological
____ is the primary reason fumes might cause issues for personnel, but they can also cause other issues including eye irritation.
Inhalation
It is also basic sense that a ground handling staff member should notify his coworkers and ___ right away if they discover toxic vapors so that the area may be evacuated and appropriate action can be taken to identify the source.
Supervisor
Certain fumes have a ___ that makes them noticeable, while others have no fragrance at all.
smell
The airplane maintenance professional may breathe in the ___ that are released by each material.
vapors or fumes
It is essential that ground handling personnel work in well-lit environments in order to prevent accidents and inefficiency in their work.
True
Airfields may seem to be lit up by floodlights and other airfield lighting throughout the ____, but these are unlikely to provide a technician enough light.
night
___ describes the lighting in the technician’s immediate vicinity as well as in the overall workspace in which they are doing their duties.
Illumination
In daylight, the technician could have enough ___ light to see clearly outside.
natural
When using ____, it should be placed close to the work being done.
task lighting
A key component of the quality of the illuminated environment is ____.
glare
The ___ and amount of illumination vary depending on the demands of the task.
nature
___ conditions make numb fingers, reducing the ground handling staff ability to carry out task that require fine motor skills.
cold
A common physical phenomena, vibration is any kind of ___ that regularly modifies the amplitude of displacement with respect to a point.
motion
Since the majority of vibratory energy in this range is absorbed by the human body, vibration between 0.5 Hz and ___ is the most harmful.
20 Hz
potentially act against safety, with responsibility being devolved to such an extent that no one feels personally responsible for safety is referred to as ___
organizational culture
phenomena associated with group or team working and responsibility for decisions and actions
- Intergroup conflict
- Group polarization
- Free Loading
situations evolve where a small group may act cohesively as a team, but rivalries may arise between this team and others
Intergroup conflict
tendency for groups to make decisions that are more extreme than the individual members’ initial positions.
Group polarization
tendency for some individuals to work less hard on a task when they believe others are working on it.
Free Loading
goal-directed, purposeful behavior, and no human behavior occurs without some kind of motivation underpinning it.
Motivated behavior
Possibly one of the most well known theories which attempts to describe human motivation
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow considered that humans are driven by two different sets of motivational forces:
- ensure survival by satisfying basic physical and psychological needs
- help us to realize our full potential in life known as self-actualization needs
Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs (From top to bottom)
Self-actualisation
Esteem
Social
Safety
Physiological
these are necessary to sustain the body. Food, water, sleep, clothing, shelter
Physiological needs
love self-esteem, belonging, and achievement are all examples of___
psychological needs
There are five basic categories of human need which can affect a person’s behavior, called the hierarchy of human needs, which was introduced by __
ABRAHAM MASLOW.
An interesting experiment on motivation was carried out in __ at the ___
1924 at the Hawthorne Works of the Western Electric Company in Chicago.
This suggested that it was not the improvements themselves which were causing the increased production rates, but rather the fact that the staff felt that management were taking notice of them and were concerned for their welfare.
Hawthorne effect.
communication can be:
- Verbal/spoken
- Written/textual
- Non-verbal
- Graphic
- Symbolic
- Body language
We are communicating almost constantly, whether consciously or otherwise. An aircraft ground handling staff might regularly communicate:
- Information
- Ideas
- Feelings
- Attitudes and beliefs
In order to have communication both the transmitter and the receiver must ___ so that the meaning or information contained in the message may be interpreted without error
share a common code
Generally speaking, verbal and written communication are purposeful. For a spoken or written message to be understood, the sender has to make sure that the receiver:
- Is using the same channel of communication
- Recognizes and understands their language
- Is able to make sense of the message’s meaning
The ___ of communication is the medium used to convey the message.
channel
two main ways in which communication can cause problems.
lack of communication and poor communication
Factors of Physical Environment
noise, fumes, illumination, climate and temperature, motion and vibration and Confined Spaces
exposure in excess of __ without ear protection even for a short duration is not recommended. This equates to standing within a few hundred meters of a moving jet aircraft.
115 dB
It was noted that the ear is sensitive to sounds between certain frequencies (___) and that intensity of sound is measured in decibels (dB)
(20 Hz to 20 KHz)
Noise is defined as any unwanted sound. There are two important aspects of noise which must be considered:
- the sources of noise,
- physiological and psychological effects on the person exposed to it.
Fumes can cause problems for the staff mainly as a result of ___ but they can also cause other problems, such as eye irritation.
inhalation
refers to the lighting both within the general working environment and also in the locality of the technician and the task they are carrying out. It can be defined as the amount of light striking a surface.
Illumination
that the flashlight batteries will run down when the technician is across the airfield and away from the supplies. It is much wiser to carry a spare set of batter- ies than “take a chance” by attempting a job without enough light.
Murphy’s Law
is an important aspect of the quality of the illuminated environment. It can be caused by bright light sources or light reflection off environmental surfaces
Glare
one of the most common environmental stressors
Temperature extremes
The excess heat is transferred to the environment, primarily by ___
perspiration and sweating
The success of body temperature regulation depends on various factors:
ambient temperature, humidity, and air velocity
It has recently been indicated that degradation appears when ambient temperature ____
exceeds 30 degrees C and exposure exceeds three hours
Temporary amnesia can develop at ___ and cardiac irregularities and probably unconsciousness will occur___
34 degrees C - between 32 and 30 degrees C
Vibration between ___ is most problematic, as the human body absorbs most of the vibratory energy in this range.
0.5 Hz to 20 Hz
The range between 50-150 Hz is most troublesome for the hand and is associated with ____
Vibratory Induced White Finger Syndrome (VWF)
any form of motion that changes its magnitude of displacement periodically with reference to a point, and it is a widespread physical phenomenon.
Vibration
