HUMAN FACTORS - FINALS Flashcards
is defined as a natural outcome of output from the human brain that uses predefined scripts and other shortcuts to complete goal-oriented behaviors.
ERROR
can be defined as “a failure on the part of the human to perform a prescribed act (or the performance of a prohibited act) within
specified limits of accuracy, sequence, or time, which could result in damage to equipment and property or disruption of scheduled operation
HUMAN ERROR
Approach Models in Understanding Human Error
- The Person Approach Model
- The System Approach Model
This is the traditional approach to human error that “names, blames, and shames” an individual(s) as “causing” the accident.
PERSON MODEL
It acknowledges that the organizational culture, human-to-system interface design, and environmental elements can create “latent failure” conditions.
SYSTEM MODEL
In any complex system, human error is inevitable. In systems such as aviation where teams must interact with ___, errors will occur.
technology
When performance limits are exceeded, humans make more errors. When overloaded or under stress, ____ is hampered.
decision-making ability
There are limitations on human performance. All humans have limits imposed by cognitive capabilities such as ___.
capacity of memory
___ has a responsibility to develop and maintain safety culture.
High-risk organization
BASIC TYPES OF ERRORS
UNINTENDED ACTIONS
INTENDED ACTIONS
UNINTENDED ACTIONS
- slips
- lapses
-mistakes
are unintentional actions where there is a memory failure due to forgetting an intention, losing one’s place or omitting planned items.
slips
are unintentional actions where there is lack of appropriate attention due to distractions, Mis-ordering of sequences or mistiming of actions.
lapses
are unsafe intentional actions or deliberate decisions to contravene established rules
mistakes
Intended Action
Violation
are intentional actions resulting from errors in planning, but there is no deliberate decision to contravene established rules or procedures.
Violation
SHEL MODEL
Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware
a frequent source of error
Liveware-Hardware interface
delays and errors may occur while seeking vital information
Liveware-Software interface
are caused by environmental factors
Liveware-Environment interface
interaction between people because this process may affect crew and system effectiveness
Liveware-Liveware interface
DIRTY DOZEN
- NORMS
- LACK OF COMMUNICATION
-COMPLACENCY - LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
- DISTRACTIONS
-LACK OF TEAMWORK - FATIGUE
- LACK OF RESOURCES
- PRESSURE
- LACK OF ASSERTIVENESS
- STRESS
-LACK OF AWARENESS
A ___ is defined as a condition or an object with the potential to cause injuries to personnel, damage to equipment or structures, loss of material, or reduction of ability to perform a prescribed function.
hazard
A ___ is defined as the potential outcome (or outcomes) of a hazard. The damaging potential of a hazard materializes through one or many consequences.
consequence
