HUMAN FACTORS - FINALS Flashcards
is defined as a natural outcome of output from the human brain that uses predefined scripts and other shortcuts to complete goal-oriented behaviors.
ERROR
can be defined as “a failure on the part of the human to perform a prescribed act (or the performance of a prohibited act) within
specified limits of accuracy, sequence, or time, which could result in damage to equipment and property or disruption of scheduled operation
HUMAN ERROR
Approach Models in Understanding Human Error
- The Person Approach Model
- The System Approach Model
This is the traditional approach to human error that “names, blames, and shames” an individual(s) as “causing” the accident.
PERSON MODEL
It acknowledges that the organizational culture, human-to-system interface design, and environmental elements can create “latent failure” conditions.
SYSTEM MODEL
In any complex system, human error is inevitable. In systems such as aviation where teams must interact with ___, errors will occur.
technology
When performance limits are exceeded, humans make more errors. When overloaded or under stress, ____ is hampered.
decision-making ability
There are limitations on human performance. All humans have limits imposed by cognitive capabilities such as ___.
capacity of memory
___ has a responsibility to develop and maintain safety culture.
High-risk organization
BASIC TYPES OF ERRORS
UNINTENDED ACTIONS
INTENDED ACTIONS
UNINTENDED ACTIONS
- slips
- lapses
-mistakes
are unintentional actions where there is a memory failure due to forgetting an intention, losing one’s place or omitting planned items.
slips
are unintentional actions where there is lack of appropriate attention due to distractions, Mis-ordering of sequences or mistiming of actions.
lapses
are unsafe intentional actions or deliberate decisions to contravene established rules
mistakes
Intended Action
Violation
are intentional actions resulting from errors in planning, but there is no deliberate decision to contravene established rules or procedures.
Violation
SHEL MODEL
Software, Hardware, Environment, Liveware
a frequent source of error
Liveware-Hardware interface
delays and errors may occur while seeking vital information
Liveware-Software interface
are caused by environmental factors
Liveware-Environment interface
interaction between people because this process may affect crew and system effectiveness
Liveware-Liveware interface
DIRTY DOZEN
- NORMS
- LACK OF COMMUNICATION
-COMPLACENCY - LACK OF KNOWLEDGE
- DISTRACTIONS
-LACK OF TEAMWORK - FATIGUE
- LACK OF RESOURCES
- PRESSURE
- LACK OF ASSERTIVENESS
- STRESS
-LACK OF AWARENESS
A ___ is defined as a condition or an object with the potential to cause injuries to personnel, damage to equipment or structures, loss of material, or reduction of ability to perform a prescribed function.
hazard
A ___ is defined as the potential outcome (or outcomes) of a hazard. The damaging potential of a hazard materializes through one or many consequences.
consequence
THREE GENERIC FAMILIES OF HAZARD
- NATURAL HAZARD
- TECHNICAL HAZARD
- ECONOMIC HAZARD
NATURAL HAZARD
severe weather or climatic events
adverse weather conditions
geographical conditions
geophysical events
environmental events
public health events
TECHNICAL HAZARD
aircraft and aircraft components
facilities, tools and related equipment
Economic Hazard
growth
cost of material or equipment
recession
Hazard Identification
design factors
procedures and operating practices
communications
personnel factors
organizational factors
work environment factors
regulatory oversight factors
defenses
Potential Hazards in Aircraft Ground Handling
Very bright lights
Very loud sounds
Confined or enclosed areas
Working at significant heights
Noxious substances
Excessive temperature
Moving equipment
Moving vehicles and vibration
____ is the practical application of the various aspects of human factors, including situational awareness, decision making, threat and error management (TEM), team cooperation and communication among the various people who are involved in the operation of flights.
Crew Resource Management (CRM)
Crew Philosophy
communication
decision-making
leadership
Behavioral Objectives of Crew Resource Management
Teamwork
Communication
Workload Management
Decision Making
Decision Making Processes
STATE THE PROBLEM
ANALYZE THE OPTIONS
FIX THE PROBLEM
EVALUATE THE RESULT
Causes of Poor Management of Resources
Lack of proper CRM training
Poor technical knowledge
Fatigue
Misunderstandings due to cultural differences
Poor attitude
Individual personality and attitude
Emotional status
Past experience
Preventing Unsafe Conditions Caused by Poor Resource Management Skills
- Good background knowledge and understanding of human factors and safety.
-A good CRM training course.
-Sound English language skills.
-Awareness of one’s own national or organizational learnings.
-Awareness of one’s own tendencies and attitudes.
are a consequence of the habitat or environment within which operations related to the provision of services take place.
Natural hazards
are a result of energy sources or safety-critical functions necessary for operations related to the delivery of services.
Technical hazards
are the consequence of the socio-political environment within which operations related to the provision of services take place.
Economic hazards
