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2ND SEM > MIDTERM - AFSO > Flashcards

MIDTERM - AFSO Flashcards

1
Q

essential for communication in aviation, enabling safe and efficient air traffic control, coordination between aircraft, and communication between aircraft and ground stations in which survival station and radio beacon stations may participate.

A

aeronautical mobile service (AMS)

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2
Q

order of priority in the establishment of communication and the transmission of message

A
  1. DISTRESS CALL, DISTRESS MESSAGE AND DISTRESS TRAFFIC
  2. URGENCY MESSAGE (INCL MEDICAL TRASPORT SIGNAL
  3. COMMUNICATION RELATING TO DIRECCTION FINDING
  4. FLIGHT SAFETY MESSAGE
  5. METEOROLOGICAL MESSAGE
  6. FLIGHT REGULARITY MESSAGE
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3
Q

Radiotelephony signal of distress call

A

Mayday

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4
Q

Radiotelephony signal of urgency message

A

Pan, pan, or pan, medical

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5
Q

Key uses of AMS:

A

Air traffic control
Flight Coordination
Weather reporting and advisories
Emergency Communication
Navigation
Airline Operation

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6
Q

Aircraft use the aeronautical mobile service to communicate with ___ who provide guidance and instructions for safe navigation, especially during takeoff, landing, and en-route phases of flight.

A

air traffic controllers

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7
Q

Pilots communicate with each other and with air traffic control to coordinate flight paths, airspeed adjustments, altitude changes, and other maneuvers to ensure safe separation and avoid collisions.

A

Flight Coordination

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8
Q

Aeronautical mobile service facilitates the transmission of ____ between aircraft and meteorological stations, helping pilots make informed decisions regarding flight routes and weather-related hazards.

A

weather reports and advisories

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9
Q

In case of emergencies such as engine failures, medical incidents, or other critical situations, pilots rely on the aeronautical mobile service to communicate distress signals and request assistance from air traffic control or nearby aerodrome.

A

Emergency Communication

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10
Q

Some aeronautical mobile service frequencies are used for ____ purposes, including receiving signals from ground-based navigation aids or satellite-based systems like GPS, aiding pilots in determining their position and navigating accurately.

A

navigation

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11
Q

Airlines use the aeronautical mobile service for operational communications, such as coordinating flight schedules, managing ground operations, and transmitting administrative information between aircraft and ground personnel.

A

Airline Operation

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12
Q

serves as a vital component of aviation communication, delivering essential information to aircraft within specific regions or along certain flight paths intended for the transmission of of information relating to air navigation.

A

aeronautical broadcasting service (ABS)

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13
Q

Rate of speech on radiotelephone broadcast shall not exceed to ___

A

100 words per minute.

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14
Q

Aeronautical broadcasting service shall be made on specified frequencies and at specified date and time. Schedules and frequencies of all broadcasts shall be publicized in appropriate documents. Any change in frequencies or times shall be publicized by NOTAM at least ___

A

two weeks in advance of the change.

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15
Q

any such change about aeronautical broadcasting service shall, if practicable, be announced on all regular broadcasts for __ preceding the change and shall be transmitted once at the beginning and once at the end of each broadcast.

A

48 hours

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16
Q

Aeronautical broadcasting service

Schedule of broadcast - (other than sequential collective type broadcasts), shall be started at the scheduled time. If a broadcast must be delayed, a short notice shall be transmitted at the scheduled time advising recipients to ____

A

“stand by” and stating the approximate number of minutes of delay.

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17
Q

Aeronautical broadcasting service

Interruption of service - In the event of interruption of service at the station responsible for a broadcast, the broadcast shall, if possible, ___

A

be made by another station until normal service is resumed.

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18
Q

Key uses of Aeronautical broadcasting service:

A

Flight Information
Navigational Aids
Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS)
SAFETY MESSAGE
Emergency Notification
Flight Planning

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19
Q

Aeronautical broadcasting service provide pilots with crucial flight information such as weather updates, NOTAMs (Notice to Airmen), temporary flight restrictions, airspace status, and other relevant data necessary for safe flight operations.

A

Flight Information

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20
Q

ABS transmissions may include signals from ground-based navigation aids, such as VOR (VHF Omnidirectional Range) or NDB (Non-Directional Beacon), aiding pilots in navigation and orientation, especially in areas where GPS signals may be unreliable or unavailable.

A

Navigational Aids

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21
Q

a subset of ABS, provide updated information about conditions at specific airports, including weather, active runways, airport operations, and other pertinent details for arriving and departing aircraft.

A

Automatic Terminal Information Service (ATIS) broadcasts,

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22
Q

ABS broadcasts may include ___ issued by aviation authorities or air traffic control, alerting pilots to hazards, airspace restrictions, or other critical information affecting flight safety.

A

safety-related messages (SAFETY MESSAGE)

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23
Q

In the event of emergencies or urgent situations, ABS can be used to broadcast distress signals, emergency procedures, or instructions to aircraft within the affected area, aiding in coordinated responses and ensuring timely assistance.

A

Emergency Notification

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24
Q

Pilots use ABS broadcasts during ___ to gather pertinent information about their route of flight, including current weather conditions, airspace restrictions, and other factors that may influence their flight path or decision-making.

A

Flight Planning

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25
Q

intended for the benefit and for the safe operation of aircraft. This shall comprise all types and systems of radio navigation aids in the international aeronautical service.

A

Aeronautical Radio navigation service

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26
Q

not in continuous operation shall be put into operation on the request from an aircraft, any controlling authority on the ground or an authorized representative of an aircraft operating agency.

A

aeronautical radio navigation aid

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27
Q

how ARNS is utilized via __

A

VHF omnidirectional range
Distance measuring equipment
Instrument Landing System
Automatic direction finder

28
Q

___ is often paired with VOR stations to provide distance information to aircraft. ___ equipment onboard the aircraft measures the time it takes for signals to travel between the aircraft and the ground station, allowing pilots to determine their distance from the station and aiding in accurate navigation.

A

Distance measuring equipment

29
Q

These stations transmit radio signals that enable aircraft equipped with __ receivers to determine their radial (bearing) from the station. By triangulating signals from multiple __ stations, pilots can establish their position and navigate along specific airways or routes.

A

VHF omnidirectional range

30
Q

__ is a precision approach aid used for landing aircraft during low visibility conditions. It provides pilots with both lateral and vertical guidance to align the aircraft with the runway centerline and descent path. __ consists of localizer and glide slope components, which emit radio signals that pilots use to maintain the correct approach path.

A

Instrument Landing System

31
Q

equipment allows pilots to receive radio signals from non-directional beacons (NDBs) or other ground-based transmitters. By tuning into the frequency of an NDB station, pilots can determine the direction of the station relative to the aircraft, aiding in navigation, particularly in areas where VOR stations are scarce.

A

Automatic direction finder

32
Q

also uses GPS and RNAV to precisely locate and navigate to a predetermine flight path.

A

Aeronautical radio navigation service

33
Q

is an operational concept of aviation with emphasis on the exchange of information, necessary for air
transporation. It is a world-wide communicative system designed for intercontinental air travel coordination.

A

Aeronautical Telecommunication

34
Q

The ___ is a service anchored on the principles of Aeronautical Telecommunication. It is an internation communication medium established for swift and accurate exchange of information related to air operations.

A

International Telecommunication Service

35
Q

All aeronautical telecommunication stations, including ___ , shall be protected from unauthorized direct or remote access.

A

end systems and intermediate systems of the aeronautical telecommunication network (ATN)

36
Q

Replacement of the Aeronautical fixed Telecommunication Network To solve the challenge of outdated technology and the limited communication capabilities of AFTN, ICAO has mandated ANSPs to migrate from AFTN to AMHS

A

AMHS - aeronautical message handling system

37
Q

It defines 2 fundamental levels of service within the ATSMHS

A

ICAO DOC 9880 Part 2

38
Q

Provides functionality equivalent to AFTN.

A

BASIC ATS SERVICE

39
Q

Provides additional services and functions, including security based on digital signatures; binary attachments; large attachments.

A

EXTENDED ATS SERVICE

40
Q

The ___ network is composed of interconnected ATS Message Servers that perform message switching at the application layer.

A

AMHS - aeronautical message handling system

41
Q

Layer 7 in the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model

A
  1. Physical Layer
  2. Data link layer
  3. Network layer
  4. Transport layer
  5. Session Layer
  6. Presentation Layer
  7. Application Layer
42
Q

Transmit raw bit stream over the physical medium

A
  1. Physical Layer
43
Q

Defines the format of data on the network

A
  1. Data Link Layer
44
Q

Decides which physical path the data will take

A
  1. Network Layer
45
Q

Transmits data using transmission protocols including TCP and UDP

A
  1. Transport Layer
46
Q

Maintains connections and is responsible for controlling ports and session

A
  1. Session Layer
47
Q

Ensures that data is in a usable format and is where data encryption occurs

A
  1. Presentation Layer
48
Q

Human-computer interaction layer, where applications can access the network service

A
  1. Application Layer
49
Q

As ground to ground messaging moves to AMHS, it is important that full interoperability is maintained with existing AFT systems. This is achieved by the use of an ___ formally known as an ____. This are critical to enabling full connectivity while both AFTN and AMHS are being used.

A

AFTN/ AMHS gateway,

MTCU (Message Transfer and Conversion Unit).

50
Q

Is an ICAO SARPs compliant MTCU that allows the conversion of AFTN messages to AMHS and vice versa.

A

AFTN/AMHS Gateway

51
Q

Implies that normal hours for administration and office will be in accordance with administrative service provider working hours.

A

ICAO ANNEX 10 CHAPTER 2

52
Q

an applicant for Aeronautical Telecommunication service shall provide ___’ service of a station of aeronautical telecommunication facilities to support the availability and continuity of Air Navigation Service.

A

twenty-four (24) hours

53
Q

[1] When it is working regularly in a network on a common circuit, a station shall ____

A

notify its intention of closing down.

54
Q

[2] It shall continue to watch for two minutes and may then close down if ___

A

it has received no call during this period.

55
Q

[3] If engaged in, or expected to become engaged in distress, urgency, unlawful interference, or interception traffic, shall

A

extend their normal hours of service.

56
Q

___ is very critical in the field of aviation, it determines how they will be able to do their job effectively and efficiently. It is important that their shift at work does not affect their resting pattern in order for them to do well on their next shift.

A

Hours of service of operators

57
Q

2.3.1
The Competent Authority shall give ________ of service of stations and offices of the international aeronautical telecommunication service under its control to the aeronautical telecommunication agencies designated to receive this informatio by other Administrations concerned.

A

notification of the normal hour

58
Q

2.3.2
Whenever necessary and practicable, the Competent Authority shall ____, before such a change is effected, to the aeronautical telecommunication agencies designated to receive this information by other Administrations concerned. Such changes shall also, whenever necessary, be promulgated in NOTAM.

A

give notification of any change in the normal hours of service

59
Q

2.3.3
If a station of the international aeronautical telecommunication service, or an aircraft operating agency, requests a change in the hours of service of another station, such change shall be _____. The station or aircraft operating agency requesting the change shall be informed of the result of its request as soon as possible.

A

requested as soon as possible after the need for change is known

60
Q

Occasional infringements of the Procedures contained herein, when not serious, should be dealt with by direct communication between the parties immediately interested either by ___

A

correspondence or by personal contact

61
Q

When a station commits serious or repeated infringements, representations relating to them shall be ____ to which the station belongs by the authority which detects them.

A

made to the authority designated of the State

62
Q

The authorities designated in should ___ regarding the performance of systems of communication, radio navigation, operation and maintenance, unusual transmission phenomena, etc.

A

exchange information

63
Q

This can occur when electromagnetic signals from other sources interfere with the transmission and reception of radio frequencies used for aviation communication

A

Radio Frequency Interference (RFI)

64
Q

Aviation authorities regulate the allocation and use of radio frequencies to minimize interference and ensure the integrity of communication systems.

A

Frequency Management

65
Q

Proper ___ are essential for minimizing the impact of interference on aviation communication systems.

A

antenna design and placement

66
Q

This techniques are employed to mitigate the effects of interference on aviation communication systems.

A

Filtering and Signal Processing

67
Q

implemented to maintain communication continuity in the event of interference-related disruptions.

A

Redundancy and Backup Systems

2ND SEM (14 decks)

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