MIDTERMS EVALS 1 (2023) Topic/s: GLUCONEOGENESIS, PPP, GLYCOLYSIS, ECM Flashcards
Most potent activator of
phosphofructokinase known to date
Fructose-2,6-biphosphate
Long chains of disaccharides
Proteoglycans
Cardinal principle in collagen
biosynthesis
Self-assembly
Which enzyme needs thiamine pyrophosphate as a cofactor in carrying out its function in transferring 2 carbon atom in pentose sugar? A. Transketolase B. Pyruvate dehydrogenase C. Transaldolase D. Malate dehydrogenase
A. Transketolase
Aldolase catalyzes the interconversion
of fructose-1,6-biphoaphate with
Dihydroxyacetone phosphate and G3P
Glucokinase and hexokinase differ in
that
Hexokinase has a lower Km for glucose
The role of NADPH in antioxidant
reactions
A. It is a source of reducing electrons in
the reaction catalysed by glutathione
reductase
B. It is a direct source of electrons for
reducing hydrogen peroxide
C. It is involved in the reaction catalysed by
glutathione peroxidase
D. If NADPH levels fall, glutathione can
chemically detoxify hydrogen peroxide
A. It is a source of reducing electrons in
the reaction catalysed by glutathione
reductase
Hypermobility of joints and
hyperextensibility of skin
Ehlers-danlos syndrome
Arsenic poisoning can be explained by
Competition with inorganic phosphate as
substrate for G3P dehydrogenase
True of elastin
Highly soluble
Glycoprotein with repeating I, II and II
organized into functional domains
consist of Arg-Gly-Asp sequence
Fibronectin
Needed by glutathione peroxidase
Selenium
Glycosaminoglycan who has a critical role in corneal transparency A. Hyaluronic acid B. Chondroitin sulphate C. Karatan sulphate I D. Keratan sulphate II E. Heparin
D. Keratan sulphate II
Pwede both keratan sulphates I and II
pero ang sa choices kay KARATAN not
KERATAN
Fermentation of D-glucose with baker’s
yeast
Pyruvate dehydrogenase
During fasting, which of the following would tend to increase the flux of gluconeogenesis A. Concentration of free amino acids decreases B. Concentration of cAMP decreases C. Fructose-2,6-biphosphate decreases D. Phsophoenolpyruvate carboxykinase is initiated
C. Fructose-2,6-biphosphate decreases
True of transaldolase
Converts ribulose-5-phosphate to
glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate and
fructose-6-phosphate
Inhibited by fluoride
Enolase
Major type of collagen in skin and bones
Type I collagen
True of cartilage except A. Avascular
B. Type II collagen is the principal protein
in cartilage
C. Exhibits rapid and continuous
turnover
D. Obtains nutrients from the synovial fluid
C. Exhibits rapid and continuous
turnover
What happens after fasting A. Decreased adenylate kinase B. Decreased cAMP C. Increased phosphofructokinase D. Induce phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase
D. Induce phosphoenolpyruvate
carboxykinase
14 yr-old girl presents with fatigue, loss of weight from fasting for 3 months because she wants to be a skinny legend. She has normal fasting glucose levels, elevated ketone, and leukopenia. What caused her hypoglycaemia A. Impaired insulin secretion B. Enhanced glucagon secretion C. Impaired hydrolysis of liver glycogen D. Impaired conversion of amino acids to glucose
D. Impaired conversion of amino acids
to glucose
Lactate from muscles becomes available
again in circulation through the process
of
Cori cycle
Reaction catalysed by pyruvate kinase
Example of substrate level
phosphorylation
Non-equilibrium reaction in glycolysis A. Hexokinase B. Phosphofructokinase C. Pyruvate kinase D. All of the Above
D. All of the Above
Glucoronic pathway in man chiefly functions to A. Furnish metabolic intermediates for fat and protein synthesis B. Oxidation of glucose chuchu C. --- D. Synthesis of vitamin C
way answer lloyd tabang
Unique to gluconeogenesis
OAA to PEP
When fatty acid beta oxidation predominates in the liver, mitochondrial pyruvate is most likely to be A. Carboxylated into… B. Oxidatively carboxylated into acetyl coa to enter ketogenesis C. Reduced to lactate to enter gluconeogenesis D. Oxidatively carboxylated into acetyl coa to enter krebs cycle E. Carboxylated into
D. Oxidatively carboxylated into acetyl
coa to enter krebs cycle
All are characteristics of achondroplasia except A. Autosomal dominant trait B. Normal trunk size C. Short limbs D. Microcephaly E. Most common in dwarfism
D. Microcephaly
Major component of glomeruli and other basal laminae A. Collagen B. Fibrillin C. Laminin
C. Laminin
Bone
Type I collagen and hydroxyapatite
ATP of aerobic and anaerobic glycolysis
32, 2
All GAG contains sulphate group except A. Chondroitin B. Hyaluronic acid C. Heparin D. Dermatan E. Keratin
B. Hyaluronic acid
Unidirectional reaction
Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase,
pyruvate kinase
Precursor of collagen
Preprocollagen
Deficient in scurvy
Lysyl hydroxylase
False about elastin
19 genetic types (Only 1)
Polypeptide chains with elongated
cruciform shape
Laminin
Cannot synthesize ascorbate due to lack
of this enzyme
L-gluconolactone oxidase
During myocardial infarction, oxygen supply to an area of the heart is decreased that caused cardiac myocytes to undergo anaerobic metabolism. Under this condition, which would be activated by increasing intracellular AMP?
Phosphofructokinase-1
Carboxylation of pyruvate to oxaloacetate requires A. Biotin B. Niacin C. Thiamine D. Riboflavin
A. Biotin
Enzymes associated with irreversible
steps in glycolysis
Hexokinase, phosphofructokinase,
pyruvate kinase
Oxaloacetate produced from pyruvate
through pyruvate carboxylase will be
introduced to gluconeogenesis through
Oxaloacetate will be reduced to malate to
be exported to the cytoplasm the
converted to phosphoenolpyruvate
Well-fed state
↓ glucagon, ↑ insulin = ↑ fructose 2, 6
biphosphate = ↑glycolysis
