MIDTERMS - BLOOD AND TISSUE FLAGELLATES - TRYPANOSOMATIDAE Flashcards
how blood and tissue flagellates are being transported?
through vectors
blood and tissue flagellates belong to what family?
trypanosomatidae
the only pathogenic genera or genus of family trypanosomatidae
Trypanosoma and Leishmania
Species of Genus Trypanosoma that are pathogenic
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
Trypanosoma cruz
Species of Genus Leishmania that are pathogenic
Leishmania tropica
Leishmania Braziliensis
Leishmania Donovani
Genus of family trypanosomatidae that are not capable of human infection and can only act as a vector parasite
Leptomoans
Herpetomonas
Phytomonas
shape of family trypanosomatidae
fusiform body
Specie of genus trypanosoma that are classified as a brucei complex
Trypanosoma gambiense
Trypanosoma rhodesiense
most of the morphologc form will exist in what shape (except for one)
fusiform or spindle shape
location of the nucleus of family trypanosomatidae will vary and must be compared with the ___
kinetoplast
an accessory body found in many
protozoa, primarily the Mastigophora; it contains
DNA and replicates independently
Kinetoplast
most of the genus of trypanosomatidae uses which locomotor (except for one)
single flagellum
kinetoplast is a collective term for what structure of a trypanosomatidae
Parabasal body
Blepharoplast
a collective term or structure which consist of DNA fibril
kinetoplast
a structure of kinetoplast that is associated with the nucleus
parabasal body
a structure of kinetoplast that is the one attached to the axoneme
blepharoplast
it will serve as a site for the growth of the axoneme
blepharoplast
a structure near the nucleus in
certain parasitic flagellates.
parabasal body
A basal body in certain flagellated
protozoans that consists of a minute mass of
chromatin embedded in the cytoplasm at the
base of the flagellum
blepharoplast
found at inner portion/core where the origin of the flagella is found
axoneme
4 stages of development
- Amastigote
- Promastigote
- Epimastogote
- Trypomastigote
which among the 4 forms or stage are routinely recovered in the specimen
dasda
among the 4 stages of development, which stage is the diagnostic form of Leishmania
Amastigote
most of the shape of a trypanosomatidae species are spindle or fusiform except for one which is the
specie in Amastigote form
amastigote is the only different in terms of shape, with that being said, what is the shape of an amastigote?
round to ovoidal
describe the nucleus of an amastigote form
off center and behind the kinetoplast
posteriorly located to kinetoplast
if the amastigote is non flagellated, what is the structure arising from the kinetoplast looking like a small flagella?
axoneme
___ arises from kinetoplast and
extend to anterior tip
axoneme
size of amastigote
2-3 um
amastigote forms are usually found in
intracellularly in monocytes,
endothelial cells
amastigote forms has a presence of large __
nucleus
promastigote is the diagnostic form of
leptomonas
which animal serves as the only vector for trypanosomatidae?
insects
shape of promastigote form
spindle or fusiform
diagnostic feature of promastigote
no undulating membrane
describe the nucleus of a promastigote
centrally located
posterior to kinetoplast
size of promastigote form
15 – 20 um 1.5 – 3.5 um
where or when we will be able to recover a promastigote form?
if we culture a sample
where can we only recover an epimastigote sample?
only in the body of a vector
the forms we can recover from a human sample
amastigote and trypomastigote forms
flagellum movement of a blood and tissue flagellate in a promastigote form
wavy or spiral
trypomastigote is a diagnostic form of what genera or genus
trypanosoma
epimastigote is a diagnostic form of what genera
crithidia
diagnostic feature of epimastigote
undulating membrane extending half of the body
trypomastigote is a diagnostic form of
trypanosoma
describe the nucleus in epimastigote form
off center and posteriorly located to kinetoplast
diagnostic feature of trypomastigote form
full body length undulating membrane
describe the nucleus found in trypomastigote form
located near or at the center and ANTERIORLY to kinetoplast
main site of infection of a mucocutaneous leishmaniasis
mucous membrane of the nose and the mouth
main site of infection of a visceral leishmaniasis
organ
Since the morphology of an amastigote form of leishmania is the same with each other, the doctor will only rely on ___ to determine which form of leishmania are in there,
clinical ground/ clinical manifestation and the history of the patient
The insect vector of leishmania
sandfly
main site of infection of a cutaneous leishmaniasis is the __
skin
3 forms of leishmaniasis or the 3 species recognized according to clinical
entities
cutaneous
mucocutaneous
viscera
the disease associated with leishmania is called
leishmaniasis
a form of leishmania that can be found in the body of an infected human
amastigote
what is the primary of mode of infection if leishmania
bite of the insect
Other name for leishmania tropica
aethiopica, major
a form of leishmania where we can found in the body of the insect or vector
promastigote
geographical distribution of leishmania tropica
Israel, Jordan, Iran, Portugal, Spain, Southern
France, North Africa, Southern France, North
Africa, Southeast Asia, countries in the
mediteranean, Europe, & Central America
what is the original form of a leishmania based on its life cycle
promastigote
based on the lecture , explain the life cycle of a leishmania
Promastigote form will infect the salivary gland of the sandfly –> once bitten, will facilitate the entry of the promastigote inside the body of the human host -> will invade the reticular epithelial cells –> it will transform into a next form called amastigote form. This amastigote can infect tissues, it will multiply and will enter the body of the vector again (sandfly) in a form of amastigote. It will enter the body of the vector once the insect bite the infected host –> once it was able to infect the vector, it will transform again to the original form which is the promastigote and will infect the salivary gland of the sandfly again
the specie of leishmaniasis involve cutaneously
Leishmania tropica
the specie of leishmaniasis involve mucocutaneously
Leishmania braziliensis
habitat of leishmania tropica
Lieshmania tropica is a parasite of skin
of human
- Lymphoid of skin tissue
1) Endothelial cells of capillaries of infected areas
2) Nearby lymph nodes
3) can multiply in mononuclear cells, neutrophilic leukocyte
sample we can use for leishmania tropica
sample of smear directly from the site of infection, we can’t use blood for this one
is leishmania tropica disseminated?
nope, it’s only cutaneous
3 diseases of leishmania tropica,
- Wet/ Rural cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Dry / urban cutaneous leishmaniasis
- Oriental Sore/ Old World Cutaneous Leishmaniasis
how many weeks is the incubation period of leishmania tropica
2-4 weeks
the primary lesion of leishmania tropica will start in
reddish papule that looks like a mosquito bite
due to intensive scratching, leishmania tropica reddish papule can lead to ___
secondary bacterial infection and ulcer containing pus
what is the main clinical feature of leishmania tropica
ulcer formation containing pus
4 diagnosis method of leishmania tropica
smear of exudate ulcer edge
culture - NNM
biopsy of ulcer
serology
Dermal test
in smearing of sample for leishmania tropica, what are the stains we can use?
wright and giemsa stain
smearing and staining the sample coming directly from the site of infection, we will be able to identify and demonstrate the presence of lesihmania tropica in what form?
amastigote
please remember that amastigote form is the only form we can recover from a human sample when it comes with leishmania
cultures we can use for leishmania tropica
NNM
Nubine, Nichol, Mc Neil
Serology test for leishmania tropica will serve as a ___ for the presence of the specie.
confirmatory test
the most common serologic test for leishmania tropica nowawdays
ELISA
an example of dermal test for leishmania tropica
montenegro skin/dermal test
Is montenegro dermal test a confirmatory test for leishmania tropica?
no, this one is only for screening and can’t be used for diagnostic tool
drugs or treatment we can use for treating leishmania tropica infection
Fuadin
Berberine sulfate 2% solution
Pentosam
among the 3 medicine given for treating leishmaniasis, which one is the most effective?
Fuadin
other name for leishmania brazilliensis
panamensis, peruviana, guyanensis
synonym name for leishmania braziliensis which related tropica specie
leishmania tropica variety americana
geographical distribution of leishmania braziliensis
central and south america
habitat of leishmania braziliensis
tissue cell, endothelial cell, monocyte, mucous membrane, nose mouth & pharynx
can we use a blood sample for leishmania braziliensis?
nope, as it cannot be found in peripheral blood
life cycle of leishmania brailiensis
same with leishmania tropica
insect vector of leishmania braziliensis
) Lutzomyia
2) Psychodopygus
disease name or diseases associated for leishmania braziliensis
Espundia /
American/leishmaniasis Uta /
Mucocutaneous leishmaniasis/
New World
Leishmaniasis
which pathological symptoms is this
invasion of tissue accepted w/ rapid necrosis –>
deep, eroding, fungating & infiltrating ulcer
leishmania braziliensis
method of diagnosis for leishmania braziliensis
smear from ulcer
serology
culture
the serological test we can use for leishmania braziliensis
IFA - immunofluorescent assay
Culture we can use for leishmania braziliensis
NNM
Nubi, nichol, mc neil
drugs or treatment for leishmania braziliensis infection
fuadin
berberine sulfate
which leishmania specie is WORLDWIDE distributed
Leishmania donovani
geographical distribution of leishmania donovani
WORLDWIDE– India, Asia, Southern, Russia,
Northern China, East Africa, all countries
bordering Mediteranean
where is the main focus of infection of leishmania donovani
visceral organs
what is the habitat of leishmania donovani
Endothelial cells of visceral organ, Spleen
liver, Intestinal mucosa, Mesenteric glands
can leishmania donovani disseminate?
yes, can be disseminate because it‘s the organs affected
insect vector of leishmania donovani
- Phlebotomus argentipis
- P. chinensis
- Lutzomyia
among the insect vector of leishmania donovani, which one(s) are for donovani and infantum,
and which one (s) is for chagasi species
- Phlebotomus argentipis
- P. chinensis
= for donovani and infantum
Lutzomyia
= for chagasi species
diseases associated with leishmania donovani
kala azar
visceral or death fever
dum dum fever
incubation period of leishmania donovani
2-4 weeks
main clinical feature of leishmania donovani
Hepatomegaly or hepatosplenomegaly
the early stage of leishmania donovani infection can resemble ___
malaria
what are the complications that can be noted for leishmania donovani infection
diarrhea and anemia
one of the disease associated with leishmania donovani that is about the darkening of skin
kala azar
kala azar is an indian term which means
black fever
method of diagnosis for leishmania donovani
blood and tissue smear
serological test
drugs for treating leishmania donovai infection
- Potassium antimony tartrate
- Antimony tartrate
- Neostibosan
- Hydroxy stilbamidine
- Isethionate
