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PARASITOLOGY > FINALS - NEMATODES > Flashcards

FINALS - NEMATODES Flashcards

1
Q

Nematodes are commonly known as ___

A

roundworms

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2
Q

aThe adults appear __ in cross section

A

rounded

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3
Q

Life cycle consists of three morphologic forms:

A

begins with eggs that develop into larva and finally would mature into its adult form

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4
Q

are roundworms segmented

A

nope

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5
Q

Considered __, which means it consists of
both sexes

A

dioecious

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6
Q

Mostly are intestinal parasites

true or false

A

true

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7
Q

what is the posterior end of the male form

A

curved

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8
Q

what is the posterior end of the female

A

straight or pointed

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9
Q

the typical form for reproductive abilities of female forms

A

ovoviviparous

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10
Q

a form which the egg lacks larva

A

oviparous

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11
Q

female will lay larva, no eggs

A

larvifarous

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12
Q

larvifarous example

A

strongyloides stercolaris

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13
Q

what is the biggest intestinal round worm

A

ascaris lumbricoides

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14
Q

disease associated for ascaris lumbricoides is

A

ascariasis

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15
Q

habitat of ascaris lumbricoides

A

small intestine - duodenum

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16
Q

MOT of ascaris lumbricoides

A

ingestion; feco oral

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17
Q

infective stage of ascaris lumbricoides

A

Embryonated egg

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18
Q

Diagnostic stage
of ascaris lumbricoides

A

Fertilized and unfertilized
egg

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19
Q

Diagnosis of ascaris lumbricoides

A

Stool exam, concentration technique

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20
Q

Drug of choice for ascaris lumbricoides

A

Albendazole
(Mebendazole and
Pyrantel Pamoate)

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21
Q

in terms of shape of the ascaris lumbricoides, what will be the unfertilized

A

ovoidal and decorticated (thin shell)

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22
Q

in terms of shape of the ascaris lumbricoides, what will be the fertilized

A

rounded and corticated (thick mammaliary shell)

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23
Q

in the anterior view of the ascaris, we will be able to observe the

A

mouth - trilobate lips

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24
Q

the outer coating of the ascaris is known as

A

cuticle

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25
Q

the posterior curved part of the male form is called

A

spicule or copulatory bursa

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26
Q

in a female form, they dont have the spicule or copulatory bursa but instead __

A

genital girdle

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27
Q

how to identify the sexes if the cross section is observed under the microsciope

A

look for the uterus containing eggs

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28
Q

the environment needed for the embryonation of the eggds

A

warm moist soil

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29
Q

how many weeks it will take for the eggs to embryonate in the soil

A

2- 4 weeks

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30
Q

life cycle of ascaris lumbricoides

A

unembryonated egg - embyonated in 2-4 weeks - once ingested, larva will hatch from the egg - larva will penetrate the intestinal wall - migrate in the circulation (blood) - will go the liver (1st stop) and lungs (2nd stop) - bronchioles - pharynx (activating reflex to swallow the larva) - will return to the intestinal tract - male and female will develop, copulating and laying eggs - passage of eggs in the stool

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31
Q

will there be pulmonary symptoms in ascaris lubricoides?

A

yes

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32
Q

for the light infection in ascariasis

A

asymptomatic

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33
Q

factors that will affect the severity of the pathogenisis

A

number of parasite
immunity of the host
length of the infection

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34
Q

due to larval migration of ascaris lumbricoides, it will result into what condition

A

loeffler’s syndrome

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35
Q

loeffler’s synrome is also called as

A

Ascaris pneumonitis

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36
Q

ascariasis longer syndrome looks like what condition

A

pneumonia

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37
Q

in cbc, having ascariasis will reflect

A

eosinophilia

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38
Q

adult stage complications in ascariasis

A

erratic migration- wrong location, migrating anywhere else
Intussusception
mental retardation

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39
Q

common cause of erratic migration

A

wrong anti helminthic drugs

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40
Q

what is happening in Intussusception

A

parasites entangling themselves forming a bolus and intestinal blockage

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41
Q

specimen of choice for ascaris lumbricoides

A

stool

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42
Q

a semi quantitative way of reporting eggs of ascaris

A

kato katz

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43
Q

the drugs given for ascaris is to ___

A

paralyzing parasites

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44
Q

Trichuris trichiura

Also known as “__”

A

whipworm

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45
Q

habitat of trichuris trichiura

A

colon/rectum

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46
Q

infective stage of trichuris trichiura

A

embryonated egg only

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47
Q

mot of truchuris

A

feco oral; ingestion

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48
Q

diagnostic stage of trichuris trichiura

A

only the fertilized egg

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49
Q

shape of the trichuris trichiura

A

football shape, lemon shaped

50
Q

diagnostic form of trichuris trichiura

A

bipolar plugs

51
Q

the nematodes that has the thickest shell for its eggs

A

trichuris trichiura

52
Q

what is the anterior part of the trichuris trichiura as an adult

A

thin part

53
Q

what is the posterior part of the trichuris trichiura as an adult

A

thick

54
Q

do trichuris trichiura has extraintestinal migration?

A

nope, only in the large intestine

55
Q

what is the main clinical feature of infection of trichuris trichiura among children

A

rectal prolapse

56
Q

the rectal prolapse caused by trichuris trichiura

A

tenesmus

57
Q

type of attachment of trichuris trichiura

A

pin cushion attachment which means it can’t be dislodged easily

58
Q

specimen of choice for trichuris trichiura

A

stool

59
Q

First isolated in the Philippines, ilocos norte

A

Capillaria philippinensis

60
Q

disease name of Capillaria philippinensis

A

mystery disease

61
Q

Capillaria philippinensis is also known as

A

PUDOC worm

62
Q

Capillaria philippinensis is endemic in ilocos norte at what year and who discovered it

A

1963 by doctor nelia salazar

63
Q

is Capillaria philippinensis life cycle established?

A

nope

64
Q

habitat of Capillaria philippinensis

A

small intestine - jejunum

65
Q

infective stage of Capillaria philippinensis `

A

2nd stage larva

66
Q

intermediate host of Capillaria philippinensis

A

freshwater that is endemic in ilocos

brackfish / ipon fish

67
Q

Capillaria philippinensis’ egg looks like which member

A

trchuris

68
Q

Capillaria philippinensis egg shape

A

peanut or guitar shape

69
Q

plugs of Capillaria philippinensis

A

bipolar but flattened

70
Q

both female and male forms die after copulation

A

Capillaria philippinensis

71
Q

the adult form of Capillaria philippinensis looks like

A

ascaris lumbricoides

72
Q

pathology of Capillaria philippinensis

A

malabsorption syndrome
borborygmus sound
anorexia
can inhabit subcutaneous tissues
toxin, shock and death

73
Q

specimen of choice for Capillaria philippinensis

A

stools

74
Q

Enterobius vermicularis is also known as

A

pin worm

75
Q

Enterobius vermicularis disease associated

A

Enterobiasis

76
Q

Enterobius vermicularis only known host is

A

human

77
Q

human host of Enterobius vermicularis
is classified as

A

obligate and permanent

78
Q

the diagnostic and infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis

A

same with trichuris trichiura

  • infective is embryonated
    diagnostic is embryonated only
79
Q

once the eggs are deposited in the peri anus, do the eggs need an environment to embryonate?

A

nope no need for that, just time. 1-4 weeks

80
Q

MOT of Enterobius vermicularis

A

feco oral, ingestion, and inhalation of the microscopic eggs

81
Q

Enterobius vermicularis’ eggs shape and feature

A

D shape egg
double layered but colorless

82
Q

the only recovered form of Enterobius vermicularis

A

female

83
Q

Enterobius vermicularis male form will ___ after copulation

A

die

84
Q

the tail of the female Enterobius vermicularis
features

A

distinct colorless pointed tail

85
Q

anterior view of the adult form of Enterobius vermicularis

A
  • cephalic alae (lateral wings)
  • esophageal bulb (other digestive organs is slender, in this parasite is in a shape of bulb)
86
Q

it deposits eggs at night

A

Enterobius vermicularis

87
Q

specimen of choice

A

scotch tape swab choice

88
Q

HOOKWORM disease name

A

uncinariasis

89
Q

2 medically important members of hookworm

A

ancylostoma duodenale
necator americanus

90
Q

2 other members of hookworm

A

ancylostoma caninum
ancylostoma braziliense

91
Q

habitat of hookworm

A

duodenum

92
Q

MOT of hookworm

A

skin penetration

93
Q

infective stage of hookworm

A

filariform larva

94
Q

diagnostic stage of hookworm

A

fertilized egg/ova

95
Q

once the egg is recovered we report it as

A

hookworm ova

96
Q

how can we contract hookworms

A

contact with contaminated soil

97
Q

the embryo of hookworm is

A

segmented

98
Q

the segmented embryo of hookworm is called

A

embryonic cleavage

99
Q

how many cells stage recovered in an embryo

A

2, 4, 8 cell stage

100
Q

the cell stages of hookworm is called as

A

blastomeres

101
Q

larval stage of hookworm

A

L1 and L2 - rhabitiform
L3 - filariform

102
Q

the other member that has the same larval stage with hookworm

A

strongyloides

103
Q

hookworm

buccal size
genital primordium
esophagus
tail
movement

A

longer buccal
smaller genital
shorter esophagus
pointed tail
snake like movement

104
Q

strongyloides

buccal size
genital primordium
esophagus
tail
movement

A

shorter buccal
bigger genital
longer esophagus
forked tail
sluggish movement

105
Q

the male form of hookworms has __ on its posterior end

A

copulatory bursa

106
Q

the teeth of the ancylostoma duodenale

A

actual teeth

107
Q

the teeth of the necator americanus

A

cutting plates

108
Q

A. duodenale otherwise known as the “__”

A

Old world
hookworm”

109
Q

N. americanus is known as the

A

new world

110
Q

hookworms’s lifecycle looks like which member

A

ascaris lumbricoides

111
Q

the point of skin penetration - irritation called

A

ground itch or dew itch

112
Q

clinical manifestation of lung infection of hookworm

A

cough
bloody sputum
sore throat
dyspnea

113
Q

anemia caused by hookworm

A

iron deficiency - microcytic hypochromic

114
Q

form of pharyngeal infection caused by hookworm

A

wakana disease

115
Q

creeping eruption will show the migration to ___ of hookworm

A

subcutanous tissue

116
Q

Culture Technique: _____ -
Allows hatching of larvae to eggs on strips of
filter paper with one end immersed in water
-
Culture methods are recommended for specie
identification

A

Harada Mori Technique

117
Q

smallest among the nematodes

A

stronglyloides stercolaris

118
Q

stronglyloides stercolaris is endemic in

A

china and vietnam

119
Q

stronglyloides stercolaris is also known as

A

thread worm

120
Q

disease association of stronglyloides stercolaris

A

stronglyloidiasis

121
Q

the difference with diagnostic stage of stronglyloides stercolaris to hook worm

A

rhabditiform larva is the diagnostic stage

122
Q
A

PARASITOLOGY (12 decks)

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