FINALS - NEMATODES Flashcards
Nematodes are commonly known as ___
roundworms
aThe adults appear __ in cross section
rounded
Life cycle consists of three morphologic forms:
begins with eggs that develop into larva and finally would mature into its adult form
are roundworms segmented
nope
Considered __, which means it consists of
both sexes
dioecious
Mostly are intestinal parasites
true or false
true
what is the posterior end of the male form
curved
what is the posterior end of the female
straight or pointed
the typical form for reproductive abilities of female forms
ovoviviparous
a form which the egg lacks larva
oviparous
female will lay larva, no eggs
larvifarous
larvifarous example
strongyloides stercolaris
what is the biggest intestinal round worm
ascaris lumbricoides
disease associated for ascaris lumbricoides is
ascariasis
habitat of ascaris lumbricoides
small intestine - duodenum
MOT of ascaris lumbricoides
ingestion; feco oral
infective stage of ascaris lumbricoides
Embryonated egg
Diagnostic stage
of ascaris lumbricoides
Fertilized and unfertilized
egg
Diagnosis of ascaris lumbricoides
Stool exam, concentration technique
Drug of choice for ascaris lumbricoides
Albendazole
(Mebendazole and
Pyrantel Pamoate)
in terms of shape of the ascaris lumbricoides, what will be the unfertilized
ovoidal and decorticated (thin shell)
in terms of shape of the ascaris lumbricoides, what will be the fertilized
rounded and corticated (thick mammaliary shell)
in the anterior view of the ascaris, we will be able to observe the
mouth - trilobate lips
the outer coating of the ascaris is known as
cuticle
the posterior curved part of the male form is called
spicule or copulatory bursa
in a female form, they dont have the spicule or copulatory bursa but instead __
genital girdle
how to identify the sexes if the cross section is observed under the microsciope
look for the uterus containing eggs
the environment needed for the embryonation of the eggds
warm moist soil
how many weeks it will take for the eggs to embryonate in the soil
2- 4 weeks
life cycle of ascaris lumbricoides
unembryonated egg - embyonated in 2-4 weeks - once ingested, larva will hatch from the egg - larva will penetrate the intestinal wall - migrate in the circulation (blood) - will go the liver (1st stop) and lungs (2nd stop) - bronchioles - pharynx (activating reflex to swallow the larva) - will return to the intestinal tract - male and female will develop, copulating and laying eggs - passage of eggs in the stool
will there be pulmonary symptoms in ascaris lubricoides?
yes
for the light infection in ascariasis
asymptomatic
factors that will affect the severity of the pathogenisis
number of parasite
immunity of the host
length of the infection
due to larval migration of ascaris lumbricoides, it will result into what condition
loeffler’s syndrome
loeffler’s synrome is also called as
Ascaris pneumonitis
ascariasis longer syndrome looks like what condition
pneumonia
in cbc, having ascariasis will reflect
eosinophilia
adult stage complications in ascariasis
erratic migration- wrong location, migrating anywhere else
Intussusception
mental retardation
common cause of erratic migration
wrong anti helminthic drugs
what is happening in Intussusception
parasites entangling themselves forming a bolus and intestinal blockage
specimen of choice for ascaris lumbricoides
stool
a semi quantitative way of reporting eggs of ascaris
kato katz
the drugs given for ascaris is to ___
paralyzing parasites
Trichuris trichiura
Also known as “__”
whipworm
habitat of trichuris trichiura
colon/rectum
infective stage of trichuris trichiura
embryonated egg only
mot of truchuris
feco oral; ingestion
diagnostic stage of trichuris trichiura
only the fertilized egg
shape of the trichuris trichiura
football shape, lemon shaped
diagnostic form of trichuris trichiura
bipolar plugs
the nematodes that has the thickest shell for its eggs
trichuris trichiura
what is the anterior part of the trichuris trichiura as an adult
thin part
what is the posterior part of the trichuris trichiura as an adult
thick
do trichuris trichiura has extraintestinal migration?
nope, only in the large intestine
what is the main clinical feature of infection of trichuris trichiura among children
rectal prolapse
the rectal prolapse caused by trichuris trichiura
tenesmus
type of attachment of trichuris trichiura
pin cushion attachment which means it can’t be dislodged easily
specimen of choice for trichuris trichiura
stool
First isolated in the Philippines, ilocos norte
Capillaria philippinensis
disease name of Capillaria philippinensis
mystery disease
Capillaria philippinensis is also known as
PUDOC worm
Capillaria philippinensis is endemic in ilocos norte at what year and who discovered it
1963 by doctor nelia salazar
is Capillaria philippinensis life cycle established?
nope
habitat of Capillaria philippinensis
small intestine - jejunum
infective stage of Capillaria philippinensis `
2nd stage larva
intermediate host of Capillaria philippinensis
freshwater that is endemic in ilocos
brackfish / ipon fish
Capillaria philippinensis’ egg looks like which member
trchuris
Capillaria philippinensis egg shape
peanut or guitar shape
plugs of Capillaria philippinensis
bipolar but flattened
both female and male forms die after copulation
Capillaria philippinensis
the adult form of Capillaria philippinensis looks like
ascaris lumbricoides
pathology of Capillaria philippinensis
malabsorption syndrome
borborygmus sound
anorexia
can inhabit subcutaneous tissues
toxin, shock and death
specimen of choice for Capillaria philippinensis
stools
Enterobius vermicularis is also known as
pin worm
Enterobius vermicularis disease associated
Enterobiasis
Enterobius vermicularis only known host is
human
human host of Enterobius vermicularis
is classified as
obligate and permanent
the diagnostic and infective stage of Enterobius vermicularis
same with trichuris trichiura
- infective is embryonated
diagnostic is embryonated only
once the eggs are deposited in the peri anus, do the eggs need an environment to embryonate?
nope no need for that, just time. 1-4 weeks
MOT of Enterobius vermicularis
feco oral, ingestion, and inhalation of the microscopic eggs
Enterobius vermicularis’ eggs shape and feature
D shape egg
double layered but colorless
the only recovered form of Enterobius vermicularis
female
Enterobius vermicularis male form will ___ after copulation
die
the tail of the female Enterobius vermicularis
features
distinct colorless pointed tail
anterior view of the adult form of Enterobius vermicularis
- cephalic alae (lateral wings)
- esophageal bulb (other digestive organs is slender, in this parasite is in a shape of bulb)
it deposits eggs at night
Enterobius vermicularis
specimen of choice
scotch tape swab choice
HOOKWORM disease name
uncinariasis
2 medically important members of hookworm
ancylostoma duodenale
necator americanus
2 other members of hookworm
ancylostoma caninum
ancylostoma braziliense
habitat of hookworm
duodenum
MOT of hookworm
skin penetration
infective stage of hookworm
filariform larva
diagnostic stage of hookworm
fertilized egg/ova
once the egg is recovered we report it as
hookworm ova
how can we contract hookworms
contact with contaminated soil
the embryo of hookworm is
segmented
the segmented embryo of hookworm is called
embryonic cleavage
how many cells stage recovered in an embryo
2, 4, 8 cell stage
the cell stages of hookworm is called as
blastomeres
larval stage of hookworm
L1 and L2 - rhabitiform
L3 - filariform
the other member that has the same larval stage with hookworm
strongyloides
hookworm
buccal size
genital primordium
esophagus
tail
movement
longer buccal
smaller genital
shorter esophagus
pointed tail
snake like movement
strongyloides
buccal size
genital primordium
esophagus
tail
movement
shorter buccal
bigger genital
longer esophagus
forked tail
sluggish movement
the male form of hookworms has __ on its posterior end
copulatory bursa
the teeth of the ancylostoma duodenale
actual teeth
the teeth of the necator americanus
cutting plates
A. duodenale otherwise known as the “__”
Old world
hookworm”
N. americanus is known as the
new world
hookworms’s lifecycle looks like which member
ascaris lumbricoides
the point of skin penetration - irritation called
ground itch or dew itch
clinical manifestation of lung infection of hookworm
cough
bloody sputum
sore throat
dyspnea
anemia caused by hookworm
iron deficiency - microcytic hypochromic
form of pharyngeal infection caused by hookworm
wakana disease
creeping eruption will show the migration to ___ of hookworm
subcutanous tissue
Culture Technique: _____ -
Allows hatching of larvae to eggs on strips of
filter paper with one end immersed in water
-
Culture methods are recommended for specie
identification
Harada Mori Technique
smallest among the nematodes
stronglyloides stercolaris
stronglyloides stercolaris is endemic in
china and vietnam
stronglyloides stercolaris is also known as
thread worm
disease association of stronglyloides stercolaris
stronglyloidiasis
the difference with diagnostic stage of stronglyloides stercolaris to hook worm
rhabditiform larva is the diagnostic stage
